第1个回答 2013-08-12
介词"to"的用法总结
一：表示相对，针对
be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable) to
Air is indispensable to life.
Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation.
This injection will make you immune to infection
二：表示对比，比较
1：以-ior结尾的形容词，后接介词to表示比较，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior
The quarrel happened prior to my arrival.
2:一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogous
A is similar to B in many ways.
3：表示一些先后顺序的形容词，如：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory
Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown.
4:to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to compare to sth.表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth.表示比较,如:
World is usually compared to a stage
Compared with his past,he has changed a lot.
Prefer的正确句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介词to就要改成rather than ,如:
The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender.
Many people prefer spending money to earning money.
They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives.
5:to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,如:alternative
Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner.
三:表示修饰关系
1:表示回复,反应意思的词,如:answer to question,
solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter
2:表示建筑构件的词汇,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path
the approach to a bridge引桥
the approach to science
Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service.
The access to education 接受教育的机会
The access to medical care 享受公费医疗的权利
4:表示人物职位和官衔的词,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition, heir to throne,deputy to the National People’s Congress
advisor to the Prime Minister
5:表示权利和许可的词汇,如:right,admission
The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom.
Everyone has an equal right to ……..
6:表示栅栏或障碍的词汇,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress
7:表示与书籍,文本相关的词,如:introduction to passage.
8:表示恭喜或是祝贺,如:
The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests.
Let’s drink to Dick’s success in business
9:另外还有一些名词符合这种用法,有的具有两者息息相关,缺一不可的含义.如:key to door,invitation to party,
guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school
四:to还具有依据,伴随,和着节奏的含义,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste
五:表示趋势或倾向,如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to
He’s liable to seasickness.
You are liable to come to wrong conclusion.
六:表示对事情的坚持与执着,如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling to
He still holds on to his original views.
七:表示约束,局限,如:limit to,confine to,resrict to
He’s confined to the house by illness.
He confined his remarks to scientific mangement.
八:表示一种习惯或是一种适应性,如:get (be) to,used to,be accustomed to
Finally,the students got used to my teaching method.
十:表示起因和原由,如wing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to
The flight was cancelled due to the thick fog.
The famous artist attributed his success to his wife.
十一:表示目的或结果,如:aim to,lead to,give rise to
I aim to be an excellent college teacher.
His conceit lead to his failure.
These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises
十二:表示命运,注定,如:be doomed to,be destined to,
All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail.
十三:表示数量上的积累或增加,如:in addition to,add to,amount to
In addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money.
The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons.
十四:表示全身心投入的含义,如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit to
He is determined to devote all his life to his.
十五:表示展望或是回顾,如:look forward to反date back to
The church dates back to the 13th century.
十六:表示方位概念.如:close to,next to
I don’t like wool next to my skin.
十七:表示依靠或借助,如:resort to,turn to,appeal to,
He usually appeals to arms to settle the territory dispute.
十八:表示有关注,关于:as to,with regard to
十九:表示关注或重视,如:pay attention to,attach to,
We should attach primary importance to job training.
二十:表示依据或是根据,如:according to,in proportion to
According to today’s newspaper,the match will be postponed.
The lending countries subscribe towards capital stock in proportion to their economic importance.
二十一:表示应该或必须含义的句式,如:
It’s time to get up.
We are supposed to get here at seven.
It’s up to this country to ban nuclear weapons.
二十二：表示相关联，相连接，如：be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link to
Investigate all the facts related to the problem.
People often linked walth to happiness.
二十三：表示反对和赞同。
1：to引导的表示反对，抗拒，对抗意义的词组。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,be adverse to,be resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline to
These buildings are resistant to earthquake.
They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans.
2:to引导的表示同意，赞同意义的词组：consent to,subseribe to,
The employer consented to give him a salary raise.表示调整，使符合，使适应的含义，如：adapt to,commodate to,adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suit to,correspond to,cater to
She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living.
Your action should conform to the interests of the people.
They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers.
His words doesn’t fit to his actions.
Suit your writing style to the masses.
3:表示投降,屈服,服从的含义,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrender to,give in to,confess to,admit to.
The minority is subordinate to the majority少数服从多数
Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake.
He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet.
We’re not the kind of people to yield to any military threat.
常用词组
respond to（反应）,appeal to（吸引）,catch on to（理解）,listen to（收听）,used to（过去常常）,give birth to,attend to（照料）,see to（负责）,be entitled to（有权）,belong to（属于）,come to（苏醒）,stand up to（勇敢面对）,help oneself to（请自便）,refer to,to the point（切题）,
Train them to stand up to any severe test in hard.
The ticket entitled you to a free meal in the luxury hotel.
See to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim.
You will catch on to the job shortly after wards.
People usually refer to television for up-to-the-minute news
for有很多种用法：
1. 表示“当作、作为”。如:
I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。
What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么?
2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:
Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。
Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。
Thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。
3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如:
Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。
Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。
4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如:
I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。
We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。
5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如:
Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。
I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。
I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。
6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如:
It’s time for school. 到上学的时间了。
Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。
7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如:
Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划?
8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如:
Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁?
For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。
until与till的用法归纳
until和till两者都可作介词、连词，一般情况下可以互换使用。用于肯定句时，主句的动词只用延续性的，它所表示的动作一直延续到till或until表示的时间为止，意为“直到……为止”；用于否定句时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，也可以是延续性的，它所表示的动作直到till或until所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到……（才）”。如：
She watched TV until / till her mother came back.
她看电视直到她母亲回来。（看电视的动作延续到母亲回来才结束）
She didn”t watch TV until / till her mother came back.
直到她母亲回来她才（开始）看电视。（看电视的动作直到她母亲回来才发生）
为了同学们更为系统地掌握它们的用法，现将一些相关知识点作具体的介绍：
1. until和till可以作介词或连词。作介词用时，后面接名词或副词；作连词用时，常用来引导一个时间状语从句。当它们用于肯定句中，主句动词常为延续性动词，表示这个动作一直延续到till / until所表示的时间为止。当它们引导时间状语从句时往往要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：
They worked until / till six o”clock.
他们一直工作到六点钟。
He will wait for you until / till your mother comes.
他将等你到你母亲来。
2. not until / till意为“直到……才”，主句常用终止性动词（即非延续性），表示until /till所表示的时间一到，该动作就发生。如：
He didn”t go to bed until / till eleven last night.
昨天夜里他直到十一点才上床睡觉。
She didn”t know me until / till last week.
她直到上一周才认识我。
Einstein was not able to return to his homeland until the war was over.
直到战争结束后爱因斯坦才得以回国。
注意：not until放在句首时要用倒装语序，如上面第三个例句可以改为放在句首的倒装句：Not until the war was over was Einstein able to return to his homeland.
3. 如果要放在句首，只能用until而不能用till，如：
误：Till I finished my homework, mother didn”t let me out.
正：Until I finished my homework, mother didn”t let me out.
直到我做完家庭作业妈妈才准我出去。
4. 强调结构中也常常出现not until结构，常见句型为：It is / was not until…that。如下面这个句子：
She didn”t find me until I called her from behind.
直到我从后面叫她之后，她才发现了我。
改为强调结构：It was not until I called her from behind that she found me.
注：但在强调句型中，not until置于句首构成倒装句以及until放在句首时，均不能用till替换until。例如：
It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.
直到1920年才开始有定期的无线电广播。
Not until 12 o”clock last night did Tom come back.（倒装句）
昨晚直到十二点汤姆才回来。
Until I was 20 I had never been away from my hometown.
我二十岁以前，从未离开过家乡。
s可用作连词，引导比较、时间、原因及方式等四种状语从句，应注意的是，引导的比较状语从句往往有省略；引导的时间状语从句一般用一般现在时而不用一般将来时；引导原因状语从句时与“Because”和“since”引导的从句比较起起来语气最弱。
as作介词，意思时“作为”，“以……身份”。例如：He came to China as a tourist five years ago.
而表示像…一样时，like通常作介词用，而介词后面通常接名词，代名词和动名词。
as in Australia“和在澳大利亚一样”。
as……as
AS +adj(原级)+AS
AS +adv(原级)+AS
as soon as 一……就
as soon as possible 尽可能快地
as early as possible 尽可能早的
as carefully as you can 尽可能认真地
as careful as you can 尽可能认真的
1。as是连词，表示“随着”的意义。lives是life的复数，意义是“生活”。<BR>
2。as是连词，表示“因为，由于”的意义。wanting是现在分词，表示主动意义，wanting to buy cars=who want to buy cars。
As的用法小结
as可以作连词、介词及关系代词和副词。现将其用法小结如下:
（一）、 as作连词的用法:
1.作“在-------期间，当----的时候”引导时间状语从句.注意与when、 while的用法区别。
①下列情形时,只用as, 而不用when或while。
1)用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行,指一边----一边. 如:
The girl sings as she goes to school.
He looked behind occasionally as he went forward in the forest.
2)表示两个同步发生的动作或行?意思是随着-----的发展.如:
As time went on / by, she became more and more beautiful .
As children get older, they become more and more interested in everything.
3)表示两个短暂行为或事情几乎同时发生.如:I watched her as she read the book.
I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.
Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry.
4)接在名词后面表示某一个年龄段时.如:
As a young man, he was active in sports.
②when作"当……的时候"解,可以指较短的(一点)时间,也可指一段时间。如:When I was at college, I could speak several foreign languages. When the clock struck twelve, I had slept for 2hours.
③ while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程,强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词同时发生。如:Work while you work. Play while you play.
2. As =Since 作"既然"、"由于"解,引导原因状语从句,常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。如: As he’s been ill for ages, I will help him.
As / Since you're not feeling well, you may stay at home.
As he wasn't ready , we went without him.
3. As =in the way that作"像"、"按照……的方式"解,引导方式状语从句。如:
Do as I told you.
Remember, you must do everything as I do.
4. 用于as--- as或not / so/ as ---- as中,前一个as是副词,后一个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。如:They helped the old as much as possible.
I don't speak English so/ as well as she does.
5. 表示虽然,尽管 等,引导让步状语从句,常用倒装语序,模式为:
adj. /adv. / n.+as +主语+谓语+主句。如: Young as he is, he knows much.
Tired as they were, they walked on.
6. 表示也------一样。 She is a doctor, as was her husband.
（二）、 as作关系代词,引导定语从句,表示正如,这一点.如:
He is very careful, as we all know.
As is well-known, Taiwan belongs to China.
另外,当先行词被the same, such等词修饰时,常用as来引导定语从句。如:
Such a clever girl as she can learn anything quickly.
I was reading the same book as he bought yesterday.
（三）、as作介词的用法.
1.表示好像。如:He dressed as a policeman.
2. 表示作为当作。如：I found a job as a guide.
3. 当某人是某身份时。如：As a child , she was sent to abroad.
4. as引导的介词短语大多用作状语,as译为"作为";少数情况可引起宾语补足语。如:
As a Party member, I'll take the lead in everything. (状语)
She works as a model. (状语)
She has me as one of her best friends.(引起宾语补足语)
（四）、作副词的用法 1 表示与------等同。如：This dress is twice as expensive as that one. 2 像，如等。如：As before, he remained unmoved.
总之，通过以上的分析，我们对as的词性和用法有了比较全面的理解和把握，才能在实际的运用中做到心中有数，应付裕如。
about
副词 adv. 大约；差不多
a little more or less than; nearly
· We waited for about twenty minutes.
我们等了差不多二十分钟。
副词 adv. 几乎一样；近于
almost exactly
· Peter is about as tall as John.
彼得几乎和约翰一般高。
副词 adv. 在附近某处；不远
somewhere near; not far away
· Is the manager about?
经理在（附近）吗？
副词 adv. 到处；各处
here and there; in different ways or places
· The children were running about in the rain.
孩子们在雨中跑来跑去。
· He is always leaving his papers about.
他总是把文件到处乱放。
介词 prep. 附近；周围；各处
around; here and there
· There were a lot of flowers about the house.
房子周围有许多花。
· Their house is about here on the map.
从地图上看他们房子在这附近。
· He planted trees about the house.
他种树于屋子四周。
· I dropped the key somewhere about here.
我把钥匙失落在这个地方附近。
· We walked about the town.
我们在城里到处走动。
介词 prep. 关于；有关
of, on the subject of
· The story is about giants.
这是关于巨人们的故事。
· They're full of good advice about reading.
那里边尽是关于阅读的金玉良言。
· I read about it in the newspaper.
关于那件事我是在报纸上看到的。
· Are you talking about me?
你们在谈论我么？
· I want to ask about the train time table.
我要查询一下火车行车时间表。
· What's he so angry about?
他恼怒什么？
· Her mother was anxious about her.
他母亲挂念她。
介词 prep. （时间）近于
a little before or after a time
· Come about six p.m..
下午六点左右来。
· He left there about ten o'clock.
他大约在十点钟离开了那里。
over
介词 prep.
1.在...之上,在正上方
We live over a small bookstore.
我们住在一家小书店的楼上。
2.(覆盖)在...上面
We spread a carpet over the floor.
我们给地板铺上了地毯。
3.越过...
A plane flew over the house.
一架飞机飞过了房子。
4.从...边缘上往下
5.在...对面
6.遍及,到处
7.(职位等)高于;支配;监督
He never tries to curry favor with those over him.
他从不去讨好上司。
8.超过,多余
9.在...期间
My grandchildren will stay over Christmas.
我的孙儿孙女们圣诞节期间将呆在这儿。
10.一面...一面...
They chatted over a cup of coffee.
他们一边喝咖啡一边聊天。
11.通过...媒介
She told me over the telephone about it.
她在电话里把这事告诉了我。
12.关于;在...方面
副词 ad.
1.在上方;在上空
2.倒下,翻倒
3.从一边至另一边;越过
She stepped over to the other side to avoid meeting him.
她走到大街另一边,避免与他相遇。
4.越出边缘;溢出
The soup spilled over.
汤泼出来了。
5.从一人至另一人;从一方至另一方
6.剩余;更多,较大
Is there any cement over?
有水泥多出来吗?
7.过分,太
8.遍及;全部地;处处
The river froze over.
这条河全结冰了。
9.自始至终,从头至尾
10.再一次,重复地
He plans to do it over again.
他打算从头再做一遍。
形容词 a.
1.结束的,完了的
Summer is over. It is autumn now.
夏天过去了。秋天到了。
2.上面的;上方的
3.(蛋)双面煎的
over- 前缀 pref.
1.表示"在上面","在上空"
2.表示"在上位","上级"
3.表示"自上而下"
4.表示"超过","越过"
5.表示"上位","过度","往那边(对面)"
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