第1个回答 2023-02-26
语法复习三：名词性从句
在前面我们已经知道了什么是句子.我们可以这样解释什么叫从句:在一个句子的前面加上一个连接词,这个句子就变成了从句.如果这个从句做了主语,它就是主语从句.其它的以此类推.
注: 1.特殊疑问句本身可以做从句,它不需要加连接词.
2.所有的从句要使用陈述语序. 陈述语序: 句子第一个词永远是主语;第二个词可能是情态动词\助动词等加上动词,或者是动词本身.
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
名词性从句,顾名思义,它具有名词性.所以可以作主语,宾语等等.回忆一下句子成分那一章
（一）引导名词性从句的连接词
1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if, that
（二）主语从句
1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
Who will go is not important.
2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.
3、that引导主语从句时放在句首时，不能省略。
That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
实用例句:
Is it true that he will be punished seriously by the headmaster?
Does it make any difference who bought these gifts?
How strange it is that these children are so quiet!
注意: 表示是否,只能使用whether.
（三）表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
The question was who could go there.
2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.
注意: 表示是否,只能使用whether.
（四）宾语从句
1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
I hope (that) everything is all right.
2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。
I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..
I’m interested in what you’ve said.
3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
if和whether区别
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，
容易当成条件句理解）
③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。
e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true.
I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。
It depends on whether we have enough time.
They don’t know whether to go there.
Please come to see me if you have time. 状语从句
实用例句: 使用it作形式宾语
I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
注意: 形式主语和形式宾语只有一个替代词: it
（五）同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
1. China is no longer what it used to be.
2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?
10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.
参考答案: 1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句
二、用适当的连词填空：
1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.
2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.
3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation
in such a short time.
4. ____________ we need is more time.
5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting
surprised everybody.
6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.
7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.
8. Is that ____________ you are looking for?
9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is?
10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.
参考答案: 1. which; 2. why; 3. how; 4. What; 5. that; 6. when, where; 7. who(m); 8. what; 9. where; 10. whether
三、选择填空：
1. Do you see _____ I mean?
A. that B./ C. how D. what
key: D 宾语从句 that引导宾语从句无词义,也不作成分.mean是及物动词,必须有宾语.所以不选A; how是副词,也不能作mean的宾语.what I mean, what I did, what I said,等是一个非常重要的名词结构.
2. Tell me_____ is on your mind.
A. that B. what C. which D. why
key: B what is on your mind 是what名词结构．句意：告诉我你的心事．
3. We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.
A. what B. that C. / D. how
key: A
4. Let me see _____.
A. that can I repair the radio B. whether I can repair the radio
C. I can repair the radio D. whether can I repair the radio
key: B 从句使用陈述语序 注意选项C可以看成是省略了that的宾语从句,在语法上来讲它是正确的,但语义不通.
5. Keep in mind _____.
A. that the teacher said B. what did the teacher say
C. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said
key: D what名词结构作keep宾语.
6. Could you advise me _____?
A. which book should I read first B. what book should I read first
C. that book I should read first D. which book I should read first
key: D
7. He was criticized for _____.
A. he had done it B. what he had done
C. what had he done D. that he had done it
key: B
8. Would you kindly tell me _____?
A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
key: B
9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _____.
A. what had she seen in China B. that she had seen in China
C. what she had seen in China D. which had she seen in China
key: C
10. We took it for granted ___
A. that they were not coming B. that were they not coming
C. they were coming not D. were they not coining
key: A
11. I really don't know _____
A. I should do next B. what should I do next
C. what I should do next D. how I should do next
key: C
12. I'm afraid _____.
A. the little girl will have to be operated on
B. that will the little girl have to operate on
C. the little girl will have to operate on
D. that will the little girl have to be operated on
key: A
13. She walked up to _____ .
A. where did I stand B. where I stood C. I stood there D. where I stood there
key: B where I stood 我站的地方
14. Can you tell me _____?
A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is D. whom .is that gentleman
key: C 陈述语序
15. We'll give you _____.
A. that do you need B. what do you need
C. whatever you need D. whether do you need
key: C whatever: 1. no matter what 表示让步,副词性 2. anything that ,名词性
如果一个副词性的疑问词加上ever后缀,它只具有副词性.如 whenever=no matter when; however 它是一个很特殊的词: 1.表示转折关系,副词,词义:然而 2.no matter how 无论怎么
16. They want us to know _____ to help us.
A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they
key: B what they can (do), what作do的宾语.
17. We must put _____ into practice.
A. what we have learned B. that we have learned
C. that have we learned D. what have we learned
key: A
18. Did she say anything about _____?
A. that the work was to be done B. how was the work to be done
C. that was the work to be done D. how the work was to be done
key: D
19. He was never satisfied with _____.
A. what she had achieved B. had what she achieved
C. she had achieved D. that she achieved
key: A
20. These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
key: B
21. Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.
A. on that B. what C. that D. on which
key: C insist 后面加that从句要用虚拟的形式: should+v, should可省略
22. They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.
A. when B. where C. why D. that
key: D 同上
23. We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school.
A. what you did B. that you had done
C. that what you did D. what did you do
key: A
24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when there.
A. what B. that C. which D./
key: A
25. From _____ I should say he is a good worker.
A. what 1 know of him B. that I do know of him
C. what do I know of him D. that do I know of him
key: A
26. I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.
A. whomever B. anyone C. whoever D. someone
key: C any one who wants to have it
27._____ they will come here hasn't been decided yet.
A. What B. That C . When D. Where
key: C
28. _____ was said here must be kept secret.
A. Who B. The thing C. Whatever D. Where
key: C
29. It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.
A. if B. that C. what D. when
key: D
30. I'm going anyway. _____ she will go is up to her to decide.
A. If or not B. Whether or not C. If D. That
key: B
31. It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.
A. that B. what C. why D. how
key: A
32. It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.
A. what B. that C. why D. where
key: B
33. _____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.
A. That B. When C. What D. Whether
key: C
34. It has been decided _____ he will be sent there.
A. if B. whether C. why D. that
key: D
比较: It hasn't been decided whether he will be sent there.
35. It doesn't matter _____he' s come back or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. when
key: B
36. It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.
A. when B. that C. why D. where
key: B
37. It happened _____ I wasn't there that day.
A. when B. why C. where D. that
key: D it happened that... 碰巧...
38._____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A. What B. That C. Which D. The things
key: A
39. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
key: C anyone who
比较: who left the room last is being looked into.
40._____ the 2000 Olympic Games won't be held in Beijing is known to all.
A. Whether B. If C. Whenever D. That
key: D
41. _____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.
A. That B. Whoever C. Whether D. Whether or not
key: B anyone who
42. __ we need more equipment is quite obvious.
A. What B. Whether C. That D. Whatever
key: C
43. Has it been announced _____?
A. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take off
C. where are the planes to take off D. when the planes are to take off
key: D
44. That is _____ we all support his idea.
A. what B. why C. where D. when
key: B
45. That’s _____ we should do.
A. that B. what C. how D. why
key: B
46. _____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said
A. What; that; what B. What; what; what
C. That; that; what D. Why; that; which
key: A
47. Things were not _____ they seemed to be.
A. when B. why C. that D. what
key: D
48. That’s _____ I want to say.
A. all what B. what C. all which D. what that
key: B
49. That’s _____ .
A. where our differences lie B. our differences lie there
C. where do our differences lie D. that where our differences lie
key: A
50. That is _____ .
A. where lived he there B. where did he live
C. where he lived D. that where he lived
key: C
51. The questions is _____.
A. whether is it worth doing B. that if it is worth doing
C. whether it is worth doing D. if it is worth doing
key: C
52. Water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen.
A. how B. which C. what D. as
key: C
53. That's_____.
A. how did I become a teacher B. how I became a teacher
C. how a teacher I became D. that I became a teacher
key: B
54. They are just _____.
A. that what shall I have B. what shall I have
C. that I shall have what D. what I shall have
key: D
55. It looked ____.
A. as if it was going to rain B. that as if it was going to rain
C. as if was it going to rain D. as if that it was going to rain
key: A
56. That's_____.
A. how she did it B. that how did she do it.
C. how did she do it D. what she did it
key: A 注意选项D,多了一个词: it
57. That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.
A. where B. which C. that D. why
key: D
58. That’s _____ I lived when I was ten years old.
A. where B. at which C. there where D. when
key: A
59. My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.
A. if B. that C. when that D. that where
key: B
60. The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.
A. what B. that C. why D. if
key: B
61. We heard the news _____ our team had won.
A. that B. what C. whether D. why
key: A
62. The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.
A. why B. if C. that D. whether
key: C
63.I have no idea _____ she will be back.
A. that B. where C. that when D. when
key: D
64. We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.
A. whether B. that C. why D. when
key: B
65. They have no idea at all _____.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. where has he gone D. which place he has gone
key: A