1.高二年级英语下册知识点整理
定语从句
关系代词引导的定语从句
1、that指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语
which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)
who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语
whom指人在从句中作宾语
whose指人或物在从句中作定语
as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语
but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语
注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词
2、as的用法
(1)常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as
注意：the same…as表示同一类，不同一个
the same…that表示同一个
(2)as与which的区别
a、位置不同
as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。
Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事”。
注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,
as might be excepted, as is often the case,一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。
2.高二年级英语下册知识点整理
不定式做主语：
1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。===动名词doing表示习惯的，经常的动作。
e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.
To do such things is foolish.
To see is to believe. (对等)
注:
1).不定式作主语时,谓语用单数
2).当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
(1)It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…
(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…
It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary
(3) it is +a +名词+ to do...
It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do
It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…
It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…
注意: probable和possible均可作表语，但possible可以用不定式作真实主语，而probable不能用不定式作真实主语。
It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(错)
It is possible for him to come to the meeting.
It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting.
3.高二年级英语下册知识点整理
表语从句
1. 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
2. 构成：关联词+简单句
3. 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：
(1) 从属连词that。如：
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
(2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如：
He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。
注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：
All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday.
这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如：
It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。
(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词 where, when, how, why。
如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。
4.高二年级英语下册知识点整理
1. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, ... you may want to try hiking. Instead和instead of的用法
2. Say "Hi" / "Hello" / "Thanks" to sb. (for me)问候的句型
3. Is anybody seeing you off?进行时表将来
4. She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet. (= keep struggling)
5. You should not go rafting unless you know... unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if... not
6. By staying at..., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds.目的状语从句
7. She was so surprised that she couldn't move.结果状语从句
8. Tree after tree went down, cut down by water.过去分词作状语
9. The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden.现在分词作状语
10. However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. It didn't take long before the building was destroyed. before的用法
5.高二年级英语下册知识点整理
表示工具或手段的介词：by,with,on
1.by用某种方式，多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽车，by e-mail.通过电子邮件。
注意：表示搭乘交通工具时，用by时不用冠词，用in时要用冠词。请比较：
I went there by bus/in a bus.我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。
2.with表示“用某种工具”。如：
He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
注意：with表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词。
3.on表示“以……方式”，多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。