主谓一致语法总结

如题所述

第1个回答  2021-12-09

主谓一致有三种一致原则,即:

一. 语法一致;

二. 概念一致(语言内容上一致);

三. 相邻一致(就近原则)。

具体讲解:

一. 语法一致;

1、单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子做主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语,用and或both…and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语,谓语动词则用复数形式。例如:

Serving the people is my great happiness. 

为人民服务是我最大的幸福。

Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 

我们是否去要取决于天气的好坏。

2、当如下词或短语,如:

as well as/with/along with/like/ together with/ rather than/except but/including/

accompanied by/ plus/besides/in addition to/no less than 等引起的结构跟在主语后

面,不能看作是并列主语,该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响,主语如是单数,其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。

The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students. 

教材加上参考书对大学学生是非常有益的。

The man together with his wife and children sits on the sofa watching TV.

那个人和他妻儿老小坐在沙发上看电视。

3、有些代词只能指单数可数名词,当它们在句子中做主语时,尽管在意义上是多数,谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有:

either,  neither,  each one,   the other ,another,somebody ,someone,  something,anyone,  anything,  anybody,everyone,  everything,  everybody,no one,  nothing ,nobody; 例如:

Neither likes the friends of the other. 

两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。

Everything around us is matter. 

我们周围的所有东西都是物质。

4、当and连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一件事,and后的名词前没有冠词,谓语动词应该用单数形式;在and后面的名词前有冠词,谓语就用复数形式。例如:

The bread and butter is served for breakfast. 早饭供应黄油面包。

The bread and the butter are on sale. 正在出售黄油和面包。

5、当one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 结构作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:

One of those students has passed the examination. 

这些学生只有一个考试及格了。

A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use. 

为语音课提前准备了一系列录音磁带。

6、由one and a half + 复数名词或the majority of + 名词做主语时,谓语动词视名词的单复数形式而定。例如:

The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 

大部分的损坏品都容易修理。

One and a half students are reading English.

大部分学生在读英语。

7、plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of等 + 可数与不可数名词做主语时,不可数名词的谓语只用单数,可数名词的谓语视可数名词的单复数而定。例如:

There is plenty of water in the pail. 

桶里还有好多水。

There are plenty of eggs in the box. 

箱子里有好多鸡蛋。

8、由more than one (或more than one + 单数名词),many a + 单数名词做主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:

More than one student has passed the examination.

 不止一个学生通过了这次考试。

Many a boy learns to swim before he can read. 

许多孩子在认字前就学会了游泳。

9、如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数 + of + 名词”,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如:

Over three-quarters of the land has been reclaimed. 

四分之三多的土地已经收回了。

Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 

到场的三分之二的人都反对这个计划。

10、定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。例如:

He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.

被选出来代表该组的人他是其中之一。

“Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident. 

“镇静”是事故发生时应当牢记的第一条原则。

二. 概念一致原则:

1、有些集合名词如crowd, family, team, group, government, committee, class, school, union, firm, staff, public等,它们做主语时,谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时,动词用单数形式,如就其中的各个成员来说,则谓语用复数形式。例如:

His family is going to move. 

他准备搬家。

His family are very well. 

他家人身体都好。

2、有些表示总体意义的名词,形式上是单数,而意义上却是复数,谓语动词要用复数形式,如people, police, militia, cattle, poultry等。例如:

The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard. 

警察正在搜寻一位肤色黝黑、长胡子的高个子男人。

3、有些名词形式上是复数,而意义上却是单数。如news, means, works.还有许多以-ics结尾的学科名称,如economics, physics, mechanics, politics等,它们做主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:

Politics is a complicated business. 

政治学是一门复杂的东西。

Here is the news. 

下面播送新闻。

4、用and连接的单数主语,前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语与each连用时,应不受each的影响,谓语动词仍用复数形式。例如:

Every boy and girl is treated in the same way. 

每个男孩、女孩都是以同样的方式对待的。

Many a boy and many a girl has seen it. 

很多姑娘小伙子都见过。

The old workers and the young each have their own tools. 

青老年工人都各自有自己的工具。

5、表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词做主语,谓语动词常用单数形式。例如:

Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 

二十里地可是个不近的路程。

Three pints isn’t enough to get me drunk.

三品脱还不至于把我灌醉。

6、the +形容词作主语时,如主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数形式;如果指的是单个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

The departed was a good friend of his. 

离开者是他的一位好友。

The old are playing Beijing Opera there.

老人们正在那表演京剧。

三. 就近原则:

相邻一致是指谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致.常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or, either… or …,neither… nor …,not only… but also …等.例如:

Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.

不是我,就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任.

Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.既不是那些不友好的话,也不是那不友好的态度让我沮丧.

Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts.

不仅仅是他,而且是他全家人都很热衷于音乐会.

Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.

他全家人和他都不知道那件事.

注意:谓语动词用复数:

1、复数主语,用and或both…and连接

2、形式上是单数,实际表示复数意思

谓语动词用单数

1. 单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子做主语

2. 形式上是复数,实际上是单数neither, everything

3.  one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 结构作主语