第1个回答 2022-07-07
学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆,在我们进入新阶段的时候,要对自己过去的思想和行为进行反思,从中得到的体会总结出来,以求与同行共勉。下面是我带来的是八年级下册英语知识点总结,希望对您有帮助。
1. hear of 听说
hear from 收到…的消息/来信
2. take a ride 兜风 go for a ri de
3. end up 结束
4. argue with sb. 与某人争吵
5. roller coaster 过山车 on board
be themed with 以....为主题
an English-speaking country it’s fun to do sth reason for
P 72
6. a flight attendant 一个机组乘务员 the best way to ...
7. in fact 事实上 a tour guide all over the world 全世界
8. such as 用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子,可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,但其后边不能用逗号。如:
English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.
for example强调“举例”说明,而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语,且用逗号隔开,可置于句首、句中或句末。如:
There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution
9. think about 考虑
think of 想起;认为
10. rather than 宁可;而不是
would ratherthan句型时要注意“平行结构”,即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组,如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。
prefer后跟动名词+to+动名词。有时prefer后面也可跟名词,
而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形。
11. neither…nor… 既不…也不…
P 74
12. three quarters of 四分之三 + 名词复数/单数 看of后面的名词而定
Three quarters of cake is eaten。
Three quarters of children are sleeping。
13 on the one hand,… on the other hand,…. 一方面…,另一方面…
14. be asleep 睡着(状态)
fall asleep 睡着(动作)
Wake up during the daytime take a holiday all year round
Close to far from
拓展other,others,the other,the others,another,any other,any others
(1)other作形容词,通常用在单数或复数名词的前面,意为“别的;其他的.;另外的”。 I'll come again some other day. 我改日再来。
(2)others(=other+复数名词) 泛指“部分”含义,用于已知的一些人或物中,除去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分。
The students of Class Four are cleaning the classroom. Some are carrying water,others are sweeping the floor. 四班的学生们在打扫教室。一些人在打水,另一些人在扫地。
(3)the other
the other表示已知的两个(或两部分)人或事物中,特指的“另一个”或“另一些”,其后可跟单数或复数名词。
I have two brothers. One is a doctor,and the other is a teacher.
我有两个兄弟。一位是医生,另一位是教师。
(4)the others(=the other+复数名词)指一定范围内除去一个或一部分后,“余下的人或物的全部”。
This composition is better than the others. 这篇作文比其他那些都好。
(5)another泛指不定数中(三者或三者以上)的“另一个”。another前面不能用定冠词the,它作为限定词(定语)通常与单数名词连用,但是它后面可以跟few或基数词的复数名词。 This glass is broken,get me another please. 这只玻璃杯坏了,请给我再拿一个。 I'll stay here in another few days. 我要在这儿再呆几天。
注意:other和another都可以用来修饰数词,表示“另外的;附加的”,但是结构不同。other的位置是“数词+other+复数名词”,相当于more的用法;而another则是“another+数词+复数名词”。
今天下午我又写了两封信。
I wrote another two letters this afternoon.
=I wrote two other letters this afternoon.
=I wrote two more letters this afternoon.
(6)any other 表示一个之外的其它任何一个,而不是两个之中的另一个。
(7)any others 表示一些之外的其他一些。
structures
1 Have you ever been to a water park? 你曾经去过水上公园吗?
No, I haven’t. 不,我没有。
Me neither. = Neither/Nor have I. 我也没有。
这是一个否定的省略句。它的结构是“ Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”。而用在肯定的省略句中时要使用so,它的结构是“So+ be动词/助动词/情态动词”。如: I paid 20 yuan for this book.
-- So did I.
2 It was because I could speak English that I got the job.
It’s + 强调成分+ that。。。
Grammar
1. 现在完成时
(1) 用法:动作到现在已经完成或刚刚完成;
过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的结果和影响;
过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
(2) 基本结构:have/has + V.过去分词
(3) 时间状语:already, yet, just, ever, never, once, twice, so far, ever since, for a long time, for + 一段时间, since + 过去的时间点/过去时的从句,等。
(4) 注意事项:
A. 现在完成时是现在的时态,重点表达目前的结果和状态;
B. 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在用for + 时间段, since +点时间连用。对for与since短语提问用how long。
C. 现在完成时从不与when引起的疑问句联用。
D. have been to:去过…
have gone to:去了…
have been in:呆在…
E. 短暂性动词变为延续性动词:
buy --- have had borrow --- have kept
join --- have been in / have been a member of
become --- have been a member make friends --- have been friends
die --- have been dead get to know --- have known
come/go to do --- have done catch a cold --- have had a cold
begin/start to do --- have done
begin / start --- have been on
enter / come / arrive / get to / reach --- have been in/at
go / leave for / set off / set out --- have been away
from
2. since,for在现在完成(进行)时中的用法差异
(1) since 后接过去的时间点或一般过去时的从句。
He has been an English teacher since three years ago.
We have known each other since we came to study in this university.
(2) for后接时间段
He has lived here for three years.
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。 而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生了关系,它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:
He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以来他一直住在这里。(他现在还住在这里) He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。(并不涉及他现在是否住在这里)