求把一段英文翻译成中文

Question

High Strength Reinforcing Steel
The design of reinforced concrete structures in the United
States is dominated by the use of steel reinforcement with
yield strength, fy, equal to 414 MPa (60 ksi). Design with
steel having higher yield strength values is permitted
although the yield strength used in strength calculations is
limited. Currently, ACI 318 (2011) permits design using steel
reinforcement with yield strength not exceeding 552 MPa
(80 ksi). The AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications
(AASHTO 2010) similarly limit the use of reinforcing steel
yield strength in design to no less than 414 MPa (60 ksi) and
no greater than 517 MPa (75 ksi), although exceptions are
permitted with owner’s approval. Both ACI and AASHTO
limits have been written and interpreted to not exclude the
use of higher strength grades of steel, but only to limit the
value of yield strength that may be used in design, thus,
reducing the efficiency of using these materials.
The limits on yield strength are required to ensure adequate
ductility of a section and are related to the prescribed
limit on concrete compressive strain of 0.003. The limits on
yield strength also serve to control of crack widths at service
loads. Crack width is a function of steel strain and consequently
steel stress (Nawy 1968). Therefore, the stress in the
steel reinforcement will always need to be limited to some
extent in order to prevent cracking from affecting
serviceability of the structure. However, with recent
improvements to the properties of concrete, the ACI 318
limit of 552 MPa (80 ksi) and AASHTO limit of 517 MPa
(75 ksi) on the steel reinforcement yield strength are
believed to be unnecessarily conservative for new designs.
Additionally, an argument can be made that if a higher
strength reinforcing steel is used but not fully taken into
account in design, there may be an inherent overstrength in
the member that has not been properly incorporated in
design.
Steel reinforcement with yield strength exceeding
552 MPa (80 ksi) is commercially available and being used
in the United States. ASTM A1035 (2009) is specified to
exceed 690 MPa (100 ksi) or 827 MPa (120 ksi).

Answer 1

High Strength Reinforcing Steel
高强度钢筋
The design of reinforced concrete structures in the United
在美国，钢筋混凝土结构设计
States is dominated by the use of steel reinforcement with
美国主要是通过使用钢筋与
yield strength, fy, equal to 414 MPa (60 ksi). Design with
屈服强度，风云，等于414兆帕（60 ksi）。设计
steel having higher yield strength values is permitted
具有较高的屈服强度钢是允许的
although the yield strength used in strength calculations is
虽然用强度计算的屈服强度
limited. Currently, ACI 318 (2011) permits design using steel
有限公司。目前，ACI 318（2011）使用钢证设计
reinforcement with yield strength not exceeding 552 MPa
屈服强度不超过552 MPa钢筋
(80 ksi). The AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications
（80 ksi）。AASHTO LRFD桥梁设计规范
(AASHTO 2010) similarly limit the use of reinforcing steel
（AASHTO 2010）类似的限制使用钢筋
yield strength in design to no less than 414 MPa (60 ksi) and
在设计不低于屈服强度为414兆帕（60 ksi）和
no greater than 517 MPa (75 ksi), although exceptions are
不大于517兆帕（75 ksi），虽然是例外
permitted with owner’s approval. Both ACI and AASHTO
允许业主批准。无论是ACI和AASHTO
limits have been written and interpreted to not exclude the
限制已编写和解释不排除
use of higher strength grades of steel, but only to limit the
利用钢高强度等级，但仅限
value of yield strength that may be used in design, thus,
屈服强度值，可用于设计，因此，
reducing the efficiency of using these materials.
减少使用这些材料的效率。
The limits on yield strength are required to ensure adequate
屈服强度的限制需要确保有足够的
ductility of a section and are related to the prescribed
一个截面延性是规定的相关
limit on concrete compressive strain of 0.003. The limits on
0.003对混凝土的抗压极限应变。限制
yield strength also serve to control of crack widths at service
屈服强度也服务于裂缝宽度控制
loads. Crack width is a function of steel strain and consequently
荷载。裂缝宽度的钢筋应变，因此一个功能
steel stress (Nawy 1968). Therefore, the stress in the
钢筋的应力（Nawy 1968）。因此，在应力
steel reinforcement will always need to be limited to some
钢筋总是需要限制了
extent in order to prevent cracking from affecting
程度上为了防止开裂的影响
serviceability of the structure. However, with recent
这种结构的适用性。然而，最近的
improvements to the properties of concrete, the ACI 318
对混凝土性能的改善，ACI 318
limit of 552 MPa (80 ksi) and AASHTO limit of 517 MPa
552 MPa的限制（80 ksi）和517 MPa AASHTO限制
(75 ksi) on the steel reinforcement yield strength are
（75 ksi）对钢筋屈服强度
believed to be unnecessarily conservative for new designs.
被认为是不必要的保守的新设计。
Additionally, an argument can be made that if a higher
此外，一个论点是，如果一个高
strength reinforcing steel is used but not fully taken into
强度钢筋使用但没有充分考虑到
account in design, there may be an inherent overstrength in
设计考虑，可能会有一个内在的超强
the member that has not been properly incorporated in
成员没有被纳入
design.
设计。
Steel reinforcement with yield strength exceeding
屈服强度超过钢筋
552 MPa (80 ksi) is commercially available and being used
552兆帕（80 ksi）是市售的和正在使用的
in the United States. ASTM A1035 (2009) is specified to
在美国。ASTM A1035（2009）指定为
exceed 690 MPa (100 ksi) or 827 MPa (120 ksi).
超过690兆帕（100 ksi）或827兆帕（120 ksi）。来自：求助得到的回答

Answer 2

高强度的加强钢筋混凝土结构在美国steelthe设计是由钢筋withyield强度为主，利用FY，等于414兆帕（60 ksi）。设计withsteel具有较高的屈服强度值是permittedalthough用强度计算的有限的屈服强度。目前，ACI 318（2011）使用steelreinforcement屈服强度不超过552兆帕（80 ksi）允许设计。AASHTO LRFD桥梁设计规范（AASHTO 2010）类似的限制在设计不低于414 MPa钢筋steelyield使用强度（60 ksi）也大于517兆帕（75 ksi），虽然有例外派与业主的批准。无论是ACI和aashtolimits已编写和解释不排除钢高强度等级的使用，但只有屈服极限强度值，可用于设计，因此，减少使用这些材料的效率。对屈服强度的限制，必须确保在一段adequateductility和0.003混凝土压缩应变的prescribedlimit相关。产量的限制强度也在serviceloads裂缝宽度控制。裂缝宽度是一个函数，钢筋的应变和应力（consequentlysteel Nawy 1968）。因此，在钢筋应力总是需要被限制在一定程度上是为了防止从结构affectingserviceability开裂。然而，在最近的改进对混凝土性能的影响，为552 MPa ACI 318limit（80 ksi）和517 MPa AASHTO限制（75 ksi）对钢筋的屈服强度，认为是不必要的保守的新的设计。此外，一个论点是，如果一个高强钢筋使用但不充分在设计时，可能会有一个内在的超强的成员没有被纳入设计。exceeding552 MPa钢筋屈服强度（80 ksi）是市售的，是在美国。ASTM A1035（2009）指定超过690兆帕（100 ksi）或827兆帕（120 ksi）。
（来自百度英译汉）