第1个回答 2019-07-17
HOW
ON
EARTH
DOES
A
SPORT
MAKE
IT
INTO
THE
OLYMPIC
GAMES?
Q:
WHAT
ORGANIZATIONS
ARE
INVOLVED
IN
MAKING
A
SPORT
INTO
THE
OLYMPIC
GAMES?
A:
MAINLY
FOUR
ORGANIZATIONS
ARE
INVOLVED
IN
THE
PROCESS.
THEY
ARE
THE
INTERNATIONAL
FEDERATIONS
(IFS),
NATIONAL
GOVERNING
BODIES
(NGBS),
NATIONAL
OLYMPIC
COMMITTEES
(NOCS)
AND
INTERNATIONAL
OLYMPIC
COMMITTEE
(IOC).
IFS
AND
NGBS
OPERATE
THEIR
SPORTS
ON
THE
INTERNATIONAL
AND
NATIONAL
LEVELS
IN
REGARD
TO
ELIGIBILITY,
RULES
AND
CHAMPIONSHIPS<注2>.
AN
IF
IS
AN
AUTONOMOUS
ORGANIZATION<注3>
AND
IS
RESPONSIBLE
FOR
THE
GOVERNANCE
OF
ITS
SPORT
ON
THE
INTERNATIONAL
LEVEL.
THE
IFS
CONDUCT
THE
EVENTS
IN
THEIR
RESPECTIVE
SPORTS
AT
THE
OLYMPIC
GAMES,
AS
WELL
AS
IN
OTHER
INTERNATIONAL
COMPETITIONS,
WORKING
IN
CONJUNCTION
WITH
NOCS
AND
IOC.
Q:
WHAT
ARE
THE
FUNCTIONS
OF
IFS
AND
NGBS?
A:
EACH
IF
ESTABLISHES
ITS
OWN
ELIGIBILITY
RULES
FOR
ITS
SPORT.
AN
IF
CAN
HAVE
ONE
SET
OF
ELIGIBILITY
RULES
FOR
THE
OLYMPIC
GAMES,
WHICH
MUST
BE
APPROVED
BY
THE
INTERNATIONAL
OLYMPIC
COMMITTEE,
AND
ANOTHER
SET
OF
RULES
FOR
ALL
OTHER
INTERNATIONAL
COMPETITIONS
(I.E.
WORLD
CHAMPIONSHIPS).
AS
A
GENERAL
RULE,
THERE
IS
A
SINGLE
FEDERATION
GOVERNING
EACH
OLYMPIC
SPORT,
EXCEPT
THAT
ONE
IF
GOVERNS
BOTH
SPEED
SKATING
AND
FIGURE
SKATING,
AND
ANOTHER
FEDERATION
GOVERNS
THE
SPORTS
OF
BIATHLON
AND
MODERN
PENTATHLON.
IFS
ALSO
SELECT
JUDGES,
REFEREESAND
OTHER
TECHNICAL
OFFICIALS
FOR
INTERNATIONAL
COMPETITIONS,
INCLUDING
THE
OLYMPIC
GAMES.
THE
IF
IS
RESPONSIBLE
FOR
RESOLVING
ALL
TECHNICAL
ISSUES,
SUCH
AS
OFFICIATING
DISPUTES.
EACH
IF
RECOGNIZES
A
SINGLE
NATIONAL
GOVERNING
BODY
(NGB)
IN
EACH
COUNTRY
PARTICIPATING
IN
THE
SPORT.
AN
NGB
MUST
BE
AN
ORGANIZATION
WHICH
HAS
ITS
MEMBERSHIP
OPEN
TO
ALL
ATHLETES
IN
ITS
COUNTRY.
IT
MUST
ALSO
HAVE
ITS
MEMBERSHIP
OPEN
TO
ALL
NATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
CONCERNED
WITH
PROMOTING
THE
SPORT.
EACH
NGB
IS
RESPONSIBLE
FOR
APPROVING
OR
SANCTIONING
COMPETITIONS
OPEN
TO
ALL
ATHLETES
IN
ITS
COUNTRY.
APPROVED
OR
SANCTIONED
COMPETITIONS
ARE
CONDUCTED
UNDER
THE
RULES
OF
THE
NGB.
Q:
WHAT
IS
THE
PRECONDITION
FOR
A
SPORT
TO
BE
ADDED
TO
THE
OLYMPIC
GAMES?
A:
INSGROUPSFOR
A
SPORT
TO
BE
ADDED
TO
THE
OLYMPIC
GAMES
PROGRAM,
THE
RESPECTIVE
IF
MUST
FIRST
GAIN
RECOGNITION
FROM
THE
IOC
AS
A
FEDERATION
ORGANIZED
UNDER
THE
PRINCIPLES
OF
THE
IOC’S
CHARTER.
SECOND,
THE
FEDERATION
MUST
PROVE
THAT
THE
MEN’S
OR
MIXED
OR“OPEN”SPORTS
ARE
BEING“WIDELY
PRACTICED”(NATIONAL
CHAMPIONSHIPS,
WORLD
CHAMPIONSHIPS,
INTERNATIONAL
COMPETITIONS)
IN
AT
LEAST
75
COUNTRIES
AND
FOUR
CONTINENTS.
FOR
WOMEN’S
SPORTS,
THE
REQUIREMENT
IS
AT
LEAST
40
COUNTRIES
AND
THREE
CONTINENTS.
THESE
RULES
HAS
APPLIED
TO
SPORTS
SINCE
THE
1996
OLYMPIC
GAMES
PROGRAM,
BUT
TOUGHER
CRITERIA
BEGAN
TO
PUT
INTO
ACTION
STARTING
IN
THE
YEAR
2000.
ONLY
SPORTS
WIDELY
PRACTICED
BY
MEN
AND/OR
WOMEN
IN
AT
LEAST
25
COUNTRIES
AND
THREE
CONTINENTS
MAY
BE
INCLUDED
IN
THE
PROGRAM
OF
THE
OLYMPIC
WINTER
GAMES.
Q:
WILL
THE
SPORT
BE
PLAYED
RIGHT
AFTER
BEING
ADMITTED
TO
THE
OLYMPIC
PROGRAM?
A:
SPORTS
THAT
ARE
ADMITTED
TO
THE
OLYMPIC
PROGRAM
CANNOT
BE
PLAYED
AT
THE
OLYMPIC
GAMES
UNTIL
SEVEN
YEARS
AFTER
THEIR
ADMITTANCE.
Q:
WILL
THERE
BE
ANY
REVISION
TO
THE
SPORT?
A:
THE
IOC
REVIEWS
THE
OLYMPIC
PROGRAM
AFTER
EACH
OLYMPIC
GAMES
(WINTER
AND
SUMMER)
AND
RESERVES
THE
RIGHT
TO
UPDATE
STANDARDS
FOR
THE
ADMISSION
OR
THE
DELETION
OF
SPORTS,
DISCIPLINES
OR
EVENTS.
AN
IF
CAN
MAKE
PROPOSALS
TO
THE
IOC
CONCERNING
THE
REVISION
AND
DEVELOPMENT
OF
THE
EVENTS
IN
ITS
OWN
SPORT,
AND
RECOMMEND
THE
ADDITION
OR
DELETION
OF
AN
EVENT
ON
THE
PROGRAM
OF
THE
OLYMPIC
GAMES.