英语中状语是什么?在句子中的什么位置?

如题所述

第1个回答  2018-03-09
状语(adverbial)是句子的重要修饰成分。状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,它附加在谓语中心语的前面,从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。英语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分。
状语与定语相同的地方是,都是前者附加成分;不同的地方是,它是谓语里的附加成分,而定语是主语或宾语里的附加成分。从句子的层次上看,状语是在第二个层次和第三个层次里的成分,有时甚至是更低层次的成分。
第2个回答  2018-03-09
状语可以由副词, 副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等来担任。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。

  We went to the countryside last year.
  I often read the news paper at night.
  状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。
  有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom, the boy calls the girl.'
  副词(短语)作状语:
  The boy needs a pen very much(程度状语)
  The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.(宾语较长则状语前置)
The boy really needs a pen.(程度状语)
  The boy needs a pen now./Now, the boy needs a pen./The boy, now, needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)
  介词短语作状语:
  In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.(地点状语)
  Before his mother, Tom is always a boy.(条件状语)
  On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.(时间状语)
  分词(短语)作状语:
  He sits there, asking for a pen./ (表示伴随状态)
  Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen./(原因状语)
  Frightened, he sits there soundlessly./ (原因状语)
  不定式作状语:
  The boy needs a pen to do his homework.(目的状语)
  To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business./
  名词作状语:
  Come this way!/ (方向状语)
  状语从句:时间状语从句/地点状语从句/原因状语从句/结果状语从句/目的状语从句/比较状语从句/让步状语从句/条件状语从句