第1个回答 2022-07-11
This is Waves.
昨天现代工业工程课程开课了，授课老师是领域内一位资历很深的教授。此文记录一下自己对IE和现代IE的理解。为了培养英文写作的能力，还会在文尾附上英文版。
工业革命导致了大规模生产的出现，而随着生产规模的扩大，必然要求管理者运用新的技术规划、设计和改进生产过程来提高生产率，这就使得工业工程应运而生。
工业工程（Industrial Engineering）简称IE，是从科学管理的基础上发展起来的一门应用性工程专业技术。工业工程是一门综合性、交叉性的学科，它综合运用技术和管理的知识。它具有工程性、实践性、交叉学科性、系统性、集成性、创新性和冒险性等特点。美国工业工程学会(AIIE)对工业工程的定义为：
定义中的提到的集成系统由人、物料、设备、能源和信息等组成，它可以是一家工厂，也可以是一个城市。工业工程人员需要掌握的知识涵盖数学、物理和经济、管理、心理等社会科学等领域，这些知识为工业工程人员研究该集成系统提供了基本准则和方法，从而使他们能够对该集成系统的产出进行确认、预测和评价。工业工程人员的目标就是通过各种优化的方法和技术，对该系统进行改善，达到降低成本、提高生产率的目的。借用我本科老师常说的一句话，"There's always a better way"，而工业工程人员的任务就是寻找这个"better way"。
随着时代的发展，工业工程所依赖的学科和技术也得以不断进步。精益理念的融入使得工业工程被划分为传统工业工程和现代工业工程。传统工业工程通过利用人体工程学、运筹学等学科和动作研究、工作测量、物料搬运、生产排程、平衡生产线等方法降低成本，提高劳动生产率。这一时期的IE面向企业内部，以提高现场作业效率为主。
现代IE在传统IE的基础得到了极大的扩充。它吸收了系统工程、服务管理、计算机科学和供应链管理的相关知识，接纳了现代科学技术，特别是现代制造系统和信息、网络和计算机技术。现代IE面向企业经营管理全过程，将技术和管理有机结合，实现企业经营管理的整体目标。
The industrial revolution led to the emergence of mass production. With the expansion of production scale, managers must use new methods to plan, design and improve the production process to improve productivity, which led to the emergence of industrial engineering.
Industrial Engineering (IE for short) is an applied engineering technology that developed on the basis of scientific management. Industrial engineering is a comprehensive and interdisciplinary subject, which comprehensively uses the knowledge of engineering and management. It has the characteristics of engineering, practice, cross-disciplines, system, integration, innovation and entrepreneur. AIIE defines industrial engineering as follow:
The integrated system consists of people, materials, equipment, energy and information. It can be a factory or a city. The knowledge that industrial engineers should master covers the fields of mathematics, physics, economy, management, psychology and other social sciences. These knowledge provide basic criteria and methods for industrial engineers to study the integrated system, so that they can specify, predict and evaluate the results to be obtained from such integrated system. The goal of industrial engineers is to improve the system by various optimization methods and technologies, so as to reduce costs and improve productivity. As my undergraduate teacher often says, "There's always a better way", and the task of industrial engineers is to find this "better way".
With the integration of the concept of lean production, industrial engineering is divided into traditional IE and contemporary IE. Traditional IE reduces costs and improves productivity by disciplines like ergonomics, operational research,and methods like work study, work measurement, production scheduling, balance of production lines,etc. Traditional IE is oriented to the internal of the enterprise, mainly to improve the efficiency of on-site operation.
Contemporary IE has been greatly expanded on the basis of traditional IE. It absorbs the knowledge of system engineering, service management, computer science and supply chain management,.It also takes use of modern science and technology, especially modern manufacturing system and information, network and computer technologies. Facing the whole process of enterprise management, contemporary IE combines technology and management organically to achieve the goal of enterprises.