第1个回答 2019-08-26
i.
定义：定语是修饰名词或代词的成分,定语可由单词、短语来充当。当用一个句子来充当名词或代词的修饰语时，这种起定语作用的句子就被称为定语从句。
they
have
a
clever
son.
do
you
know
the
man
over
there?
i
know
the
man
who
wrote
the
book.
ii.
要点：
1．
定语从句的前面都有先行词（被修饰语）
this
is
the
boy
whom
we
are
looking
for
2．
定语从句应紧跟在先行词之后
3．
先行词与定语从句之间要有关系词（有时可省略）
4．
关系词在定语从句中充当某一成分
the
girl
who
is
standing
under
the
tree
is
my
sister.
the
man
whom
you
want
to
see
has
come.
iii.
关系词基本用法
主格
宾格
所有格
人
who
whom
whose
物
which
which
of
which
但that
一般可用来代替who,
whom,
which,作宾格时可省略
do
you
remember
the
teacher
that/who
taught
us
english?
a
bookstore
is
a
store
that/which
sells
books.
the
man
(that/whom/who)
you
know
is
a
famous
professor.
a)
that
不能用来替代who,
whom,
which的两种情况
1）“介词+whom/which”的结构中，不能用that
she
is
a
good
student
from
whom
we
should
learn.
2)
在非限制性定语从句中，逗号后面不能用that
she
sang
a
new
song,
which
we
like
very
much.
注意：非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能省略
b)
用that不用which的一些特殊情况
1)
先行词为all,
much,
little,
something,
anything,
everything,
nothing等
is
there
anything
(that)
i
can
do
for
you?
2)
先行词前有形容词最高级修饰
this
is
the
most
exciting
report
that
i
have
ever
read.
3)
先行词前有first,
last,
next,
only,
very,
all,
any等词修饰
the
first
step
(that)
we
are
to
take
is
very
difficult.
4)
先行词同时含有“人”和“非人”时，用that
不用which，也不用who/whom
he
talked
about
the
people
and
the
books
that
interested
him.
c)
关系副词when,
where,
why
用关系副词when时，它的先行词是表示时间的名词，用where时先行词是表示地点的名词，而用why时它的先行词只可能是reason，使用时应注意以下几点：
1）
关系代词的选择主要是看先行词在从句中所作的成分
this
is
the
city
where
i
was
born.
this
is
the
city
(which/that)
he
has
visited
i
don’t
know
the
reason
why
she
is
late.
that
is
the
reason
(which/that)
everybody
knows
do
you
still
remember
the
day
when
he
arrived?
do
you
still
remember
the
day
(that/which)
we
spent
together?
2）
关系副词when,where,
why可由“介词+which”的结构来替代
is
this
the
reason
for
which
they
came?
he
left
the
day
on
which
i
came.
注意：how
不能用来引导定语从句
this
is
the
way
how
he
did
it.
d)
as
作关系代词的用法
与the
same,
such连用
this
is
the
same
book
as
i
read
last
week.
such
books
as
i
have
read
are
classical
works
第2个回答 2019-03-22
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句一般须跟在先行词之后,如果引导词在从句中用做主语,从句的人称\数必须和先行词一致.
关于THAT和WHICH引导定语从句的用法区别,请记住下面的顺口溜
that,which可互换,下列情况勿招办.
that情况比较多,点来对你说一说
不定代词这一伙,全用that准没错
先行词前有修饰,千万不要用which
要用which别着急,介词提前逗隔离.