动词不定式和动名词的用法和区别。

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

动词不定式
一、 基本形式
a.不定式的基本形式是“小品词to﹢动词原形” 即to﹢v. ；但有时也可省去to, 即：(to) ﹢v. 。
b.分词有两种基本形式：现在分词(the present participle)和过去分词(the past participle)。
①现在分词的基本形式是动词的—ing形式，如，writing, doing ,working ,going, etc.
②过去分词的基本形式是：a) 规则动词﹢ed, 即v.-ed, 如，visit→visited ,ask→asked ,dig→digged ,etc; b) 不规则动词有其自身的过去式和过去分词，学生需要用心熟记，方能正确使用。如，go→went→gone; do→did→done, etc .
c． 动名词的基本形式与现在分词的基本形式相同，都是动词的—ing 形式，如，doing ,writing ,doing ,etc .
二、 时态、语态及其基本用法
A. 不定式
1．不定式的时态、语态有三种形式：①一般式，如，to write / to be written ;②进行式，如，to be writing / to have been writing;③完成式，如，to have written / to have been written 。
2．基本用法
①不定式的一般式，表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时也发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如：
He seems to know this.(=It seems that he knows this.)
I hope to see you again.(=I hope that I’ll see you again.)
He doesn’t like to be laughed at. (=He doesn’t like that he is being laughed at.)
②不定式的进行式，表示不定式的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：
When the mother went into the room, the boy pretended to be sleeping. (=… , the boy pretended that he was sleeping .)
I heard the English song being sung by him. (=I heard that the English song was being sung by him.)
③．不定式的完成式，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. (= I am sorry that I kept you waiting so long. )
Having been well written, the book was translated into many languages. (=Because it had been well written, …)

B． 动名词
1.动名词的时态、语态有两种形式：①一般式，如，writing / being written ; ②完成式，如，having written / having been written 。
2.基本用法
①动名词的一般式不表示动作正在进行，但作具有状语性质的宾语时，动名词一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如：
The teacher is busy collecting the students’ exam papers.
②动名词的完成式在作具有状语性质的宾语时，表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已发生。如：
He was praised by the teacher for having done the work wonderfully.
He felt so sorry for not having been given the chance to work in the company.

Answer 2

to
do
answering
stealing
因为of
后只能加动名词词
动词后，加动名词还是不定式，是看固定搭配的，不同的用法和意义～

Answer 3

doing,因为情态动词后动词的ING形式表被动
answering,因为介词后只跟名词或动名词
stealing,因为介词后只跟名词或动名词
还有在一些情况下，动词不定式可以表目的，而动名词不行