During the past thirty years, science has steadily mopped up lots of problems that were opened up by new technologies. { (1) New knowledge has invariably meant new gadgets and ways of transferring information which require ever-decreasing amounts of time and energy. } But wilt new knowledge always have new practical consequences? Or will the frontiers of the doable lag further and further behind those of the conceivable?
Present theories of physics lead us to believe that there are surprising few fundamental laws of Nature. {(2) Nevertheless,there seems to be an endless array of different states and structures that those laws permit--just as there are a very small number of rules and pieces defining a game like chess, yet an endless number of different games that could be played out. } Physicists are fairly confident that they are not missing something in between the forces that they have already found. When it comes to the outcomes of those discoveries and a growing appreciation of how complex organized structures come about and evolve in tandem with their environments.
Some scientists and philosophers have taken the view that science as a whole has experienced a Golden Age that will eventually draw to a close. { (3) Truly new discoveries will become harder and harder to make; minor variations will become tempting targets; deeper understanding will require greater and greater efforts of the imagination to achieve: and a wider grasp of the structure of systems of huge complexity will require more and more powerful Computers. } The seam of gold that is useful science may one day be mined out, leaving only a few nuggets to be uncovered here and there by ever-increasing effort. { (4) Of course, we may not realize that the mine is exhausted: no banner will appear in the sky to tell us that further fundamental advances will require a huge leap for Mankind, rather than a gradual shuffle. }
Scientists alone do not dictate the future course of science. { (5) When their activities become very expensive and have no direct technological or military relevance to the state, then their continued support will be determined by other great problems that confront society. } In the future, we might expect that the development of what we will call the "problem sciences" —those studies needed to solve the great environmental, social, and medical problems that threaten humanity's continued existence and well-being.
1新的知识总是意味着新的配件和需要减少时间和精力的传递信息的方式,.
2然而,对于不同的形状和结构来说,他看起来好象是一个永无止境的排列,这就是法律的许可证.正如一种游戏象是国际象棋那样他有非常细小的规则和细小定义 对于不同的可以被玩的游戏来说仍然是个无止境的数量
3事实上新的发现越来越难以获得,细微的变化将要成为诱人的目标, 对于成功的想象力的更深的理解将需要越来越大的努力,并且广泛地抓住复杂的系统结构将需要更多的有力的计算机.
4当然也许我们还没有意识到矿产已经被用完了,天空中不会再有横幅出现去告诉我们未来的主要的建议将需要人类的大跨越.而不是逐步的拖着走.
5当他们的活动变得非常昂贵并且没有指导性的技术或一个国家没有相应的军事,这样他们对于其他 的 所要面临的巨大的社会问题的继续之持将会变得更加的坚定