pay spend take cost 的区别和用法,还有固定结构

如题所述

pay spend take cost 的区别和用法和固定结构

spend,cost,take和pay都可以表示“花费”,用法和固定结构区别如下。
spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:
(1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。例:
I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2) spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。例:
They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。

cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下:
(1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。例:
A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,其他。某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间/其他。例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。

take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种:
(1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例:
It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例:
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。

pay的基本用法是:
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。例:
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。例:
I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例:
Don't worry!I'll pay for you. 别担心, 我会给你付钱的。
(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例:
They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。
(5)pay money back 还钱。例:
May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。
(6)pay off one's money还清钱

总结
1.spend和pay的主语只能是人; cost的主语是物或事;
take后接时间时,主语也可以是人。此外,take和cost还可以用动词不定式或动词不定式短语作真实主语,而it为形式主语。例如:
I paid him $200 for this painting.我付他200美元买了这幅画。
She spent ten dollars shopping for food.她购买食品花了10美元。
The work cost me a lot of time and effort.这本著作花费了我大量的时间和精力。
We took a week to finish the work.我们花了一个星期完成这项工作。
It costs us a lot of money to build a house.盖房子花了我们很多钱。
2.pay的搭配范围最窄,只接金钱; cost的搭配范围最宽,除接金钱和时间外,还可接劳力、精力、财富、健康、职位甚至生命等。例如:
“Are you paying cash?”“No,I will pay by cheque.”“你付现金吗?”“不,我用支票支付。”
Careless driving cost him his life.粗心大意地开车使他丧了命。
3.spend可接动名词,而cost, pay, take可接动词不定式。
4.spend, take, pay都可用于被动结构,而cost不能用于被动结构。
另外:
take 一般用it做主语,例:it take sb sometime to do sth.
spend 一般是人做主语,例:I spend an hour to finish my homework.
cost表示某物值什么的(价值或钱)例:The bool cost 200yuan.
pay一般是人做主语,例:I pay an hour to do my homework.
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第1个回答  2016-04-21
一、辨主语
这四个单词均可表示“花费”,但所用主语不同:cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人;pay 的主语只能是人;spend 的主语也只能是人;take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it),也可以是人.如:
The computer cost (me) $2000.这台电脑花了(我) 2000 美元.
It costs $1000 a year to run a car.使用一辆车每年要花1000美元.
I have spent all day looking for you.我花了一整天找你.
It took me an hour to write the letter.我写这封信花了一个小时.
The letter took me an hour (to write).(译文同上)
I took an hour to write the letter.(译文同上)
注:若 cost 不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”,则也可用人作主语.如:
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year.抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱.
二、辨宾语
cost 的宾语通常是钱;pay的宾语只能是钱;take 的宾语通常是时间;而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间、钱或精力.如:
How much did it cost to build the bridge?建这座桥花了多少钱?
I paid RMB 100,000 for the car.买这辆车我花了十万块.
It took her two hours to walk to the station.走路去车站花了她两小时.
He spends much time (money) on books.他花了很多时间读(钱买)书.
注:cost 有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间).如:
Making experiments like this costs much time and labor.做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力.
按传统语法,take 的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍.如:
It takes a lot of money to buy a house.买一座房子要花一大笔钱.
三、辨句型
从句型结构来看.四者的通常句型为:
sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱
It costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
sb pays money for sth 某人付了某物多少钱
sb pays sb money 某人付给某人多少钱
sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
It takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time (money) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
四、辨语态
在表示“花费”时,cost,pay,take 等通常不用于被动语态,而 spend 则可以用于被动语态.如:
误:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.
误:Two hours was taken to do the work.
正:Two hours was spent on the work.做这工作花了两个小时.
五、辨引申
1.cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等).如:
Careless driving will cost you your life.粗心开车会要你的命.
Just ring him up.It’ll cost you nothing.给他打个电话,这不费什么事.
2.spend 表示“消耗”“用完”.如:
I’ll spend no more breath on him.我不会再和他费唇舌.
He spent great efforts to help me.他费了很大的劲儿来帮我.
3.take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等).如:
It takes patience.做这工作需要耐心.
It takes two to make a quarrel.一个巴掌拍不响.
It took three men to lift the box.抬这个箱子要 3 个人.
4.pay 表示付出代价,遭受惩罚.例如:
You’ll pay for that remark.你将要为你的话付出代价的.
Many people paid with their lives.许多人付出了生命.本回答被提问者采纳