宾语从句的用法有哪些?需要注意些什么?

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

宾语从句是一个句子作另一个句子的宾语。注意宾语从句以下两点内容。

1． 主句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词。如果不是，和介词搭配成动词词组，构成及物动词的形式。

2． 从句有三种形式：

A陈述句，B一般疑问句，（特殊疑问句）。

一、主句是一般现在时，从句可用任何时态

根椐主句中的谓语动词，决定从句动作发生主句前后关系，所用时态。

1．I think that she will finish reading that book in two days.

我想她两天后看完那本书。

2. She knows he got here two weeks ago.

她知道他两个星期前到这儿。

3. I hear that Lucy goes to school by every day.

我听说露西每天骑自行车上学。

二、主句是过去式时，从句必须用过去时的形式

1．一般过去式

He told me that Jim returned his book to him last Sunday.

他告诉我吉姆上星期天把他的书还给他了。

2． 过去进行时

She said she was writing to her friend at this time yesterday.

她说她昨天这时候正在给她的朋友写信。

3． 过去将来时

He asked when they would leave the next week.

他问他们下个星期什么时候出发。

4． 过去完成时

She said she had known him since two years ago.

她说她自从两年前就认识他。

5．如从句是客观真理时，用一般现在时

She told us the earth moves around the sun.

她告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。

The teacher said Japan is the east of China.

老师讲日本位于中国的东部。

三、宾语从句三种形式

1．陈述句，前用引导词that，但经常省略

（1）I hear (that) he will help you with your French.

我听说他将帮忙你的法语。

（2）Lily knew (that)Tom had gone to London by air.

莉莉知道汤姆坐飞机去伦敦了。

2． 从句是一般疑问时，前用if或whether

（1）He asked if she liked swimming.

他问她是否喜欢游泳。

（2）He asked me whether Mike came to school by bike or on foot.

他问我迈克骑自行车还是步行去学校。

（3）She asked whether Jim left the message or not when he left.

她问当吉姆离开时是否留条没有。

（4）The old woman depends on whether her daughter lives.

那位老太太是否依靠她女儿生活。

注：A．一般疑问句if和whether可以互换。

B．引导从句时，问题不明确，并得到对方肯定答复。常or与or not或连用。

C．主句动词是由介词构成及物动词形式，后跟着从句时，用whether.

3．从句是特殊疑问句

A．特殊疑问词不是作主语，疑问词放在句首，其它部分按陈述句语序。

B．如特殊疑问词作主语，语序不用动。

1．She doesn’t know who he has borrowed a maths book from.

她不知道他从谁那借了一本数学书。

2．Do you know what he did with that thing?

他知道他怎样处理那件事的吗？

3．Could you tell me who can look after her?

你能告诉我谁能照顾她吗？

注：A．主句是一般疑问，句尾用问号、用升调。

B．主句不是一般疑问句，句尾用句号，用降调。

四、“在be形容词glad, sorry, sure, surprised等”后跟that引导的从句。意思上看起来是宾语从句，实际上引导的是原因状语从句，说明主句的原因

1．I’m glad that you come to see me.

你来看我，我很高兴。

2．I’m sorry that everything hasn’t gone very well.

很抱歉一切事情进行很不顺利。

3．I’m sure that he will mind you taking it away.

我敢肯定你把它拿走他会介意的。

五、一般疑问句主要有think, believe, suppose, don’t you know这类词时。在句中主句的主谓结构是插入语，从句的疑问词是在主句前

1．Who do you think is looking for you ?

你认为谁正在找你呢？

2．When don’t you know we’ll have meeting?

你不知道我们什么时候开会吗？

3．Whom do you believe she can come with?

你相信她能和谁来呢？

六、动词think, believe, suppose, expect等，否定时，到从句翻译，叫转意否定。

1．I don’t think she can lend it to the others, can she?

我想她不会把它借给其他人，是吗？

2．I don’t believe everyone has done his homework, have they?

我相信大家不没有做作业，是吗？

注：转意否定时，反意疑问句看从句部分。

七、宾衙从句与简单句形式

1． 从句与宾补形式

（1）I heard she was singing in the next room just now.

I heard her singing in the next room just now.

刚才我听到她在隔房间唱歌。

注：现在分词作宾补时，强调动作正在进行。

（2）I saw he ran out with a football.

I saw him run out with a football.

我看到他拿一个足球跑了出去。

注：A．动词不定式作宾补时，表示动作的过程。

B．如有let, help, make, see, watch, hear, feel等词作谓语时，动词作宾补时省略to。

2．从句和动词不定式短语

动词不定式短语是由“疑问词+不定式”在句子中作宾语。

（1）She knows how she can look up this word“use”

她知道她怎样能查到“use”这个单词。

She knows how to look up this word“use”

她知道怎样能查到“use”这个单词。

（2）Could you tell me what I should do for him?

你能告诉我我应该为他做些什么吗？

Could you tell me what to do for him?

你能告诉我为他做些什么吗？

3．从句与动名词

从句的动词发生在主句的动作之前。在简单句中用动名词形式，因动名词表示发生过的动作。

（1）I remembered I had returned the book to him.

我记得我把书还他了。

I remembered returning the book to him.

我记得把书还给他了。

（2）She forgot that she had lent her pen to me.

她忘了她把她的钢笔借给我了。

She forgot lending her pen to me.

她忘了把她的钢笔借给我了。

Answer 2

1． 主句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词。如果不是，和介词搭配成动词词组，构成及物动词的形式。

2． 从句有三种形式：

A陈述句，B一般疑问句，（特殊疑问句）。

宾语从句相关介绍：

1.作动词的宾语

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,

例如： I heard that be joined the army.

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,

例如： 

(1)She did not know what had happened.

(2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句.例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation. 2. 作介词的宾语 例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.

3. 作形容词的宾语 

例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 

That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等.也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句.

4. It 可以作为形式宾语 It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中. 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month..

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等.这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句.

例如： I admire their winning the match. (right) I admire that they won the match. (wrong)

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中,常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等.

例如： He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right) He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)

7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式.

例如： I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿.）

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