间接引语
引述别人的话,如果照原话重述,称为直接引语；直接引语要加引号。 如果用引述者的话转述说话的内容,称为间接引语；间接引语不加引号。 举例如下:
直接引语:“I, too, will try a seventh time,”cried Bruce.
间接引语: Bruce said that he, too, would try a seventh time.
使用间接引语要注意:
1.时态要一致: 如果主句谓语(例如 say) 是过去时态,引语中的谓语也要用过去时态:
1)She said:“They are very fond of sports.”
She said that they were very fond of sports.
2)“I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,”he said.
He said he would go over the grammer lesson once again.
3)Mary said:“I have read up to page 25.”
Mary said she had read up to page 25.
4）“I bought the book at a second hand book shop,”she said.
She said that she had bought the book at a second hand book shop.
2.人称代词和物主代词要作相应的调整:
1)“I've just got a letter from my sister,”Jane said.
Jane said she had just got a letter from her sister.
2)“We'll come to see you again when we have time,”our friends said.
Our friends said that they would come to see us again when they had time.
3.某些时间和地点状语要作相应的调整:
1)Joe said:“I arrived yesterday (this morning, two days ago).”
Joe said he arrived the day before (that morning, two days before).
2)“I'll be in the office tonight (tomorrow),” she said.
She said she would be in the office that night (the next day).
3)“I'll be here all day,”he said.
He said he would be there all day.
特殊问句、一般问句、祈使句如何从直接引语变为间接引语。
在把特殊问句变为间接引语的时候,除了要把时态、代词、状语作相应的调整外,还要注意把问句的语序改为陈述句的语序,例如:
1) “What are you looking for, Tom?” Anne asked.
Anne asked Tom what he was looking for.
2) “Where did you leave the key?” Henry asked.
Henry asked me where I had left the key.
如果引述的是一般问句,除上述各点外,还要注意在间接引语前用连词 whether 或 if, 例如:
1) “Have you finished reading the book, George?” Betty asked.
Betty asked whether (if) George had finished reading the book.
2) Harry asked me: “Do you know where Jane lives?”
Harry asked me whether (if) I knew where Jane lived.
如果引述的是祈使句,要用 ask one to, tell one to, order one to 等词组,三者代表不同的口气(请求,让,命令),如何选用要根据原话口气决定。 例如:
1) “Don't be late again, Frank,” the teacher said.
The teacher told Frank not to be late again. (命令)
2) “Please pass me that dictionary,” she said.
She asked me to pass her that dictionary. (请求)
直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。例如：Mr Black said, “I'm busy” 布莱克先生说：“我很忙”（直接引语）Mr Black said that he was busy. 布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）1 陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。在这一方面，汉语和英语有许多相似之处，因此，在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。1）人称的变化a) He said, “I like it very much.”他说：“我非常喜欢它。”He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。b) He saidto me, “I've left my book in your room.” 他对我说：“我把书放在你的房间里了。”He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了。2）时态的变化 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。时态的变化例句 直接引语间接引语一般现在时→一般过去时He said, “I'm afraid I can't finish this work.”He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish that work.现在进行时→过去进行时He said, “I'm using theknife.”He said that he was using the knife.现在完成时→过去完成时She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”She said that she had not heard from him since May.一般过去时→过去完成He said, “I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时不变He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化：变化例句直接引语间接引语this-that 这个-那个She said, “Iwill come this morning." She said that she would go that morning.these-those这些=那些He said, "These books are mine."He said that those books were his.now-then现在-那时He said, "It is nine 0'clock now."He said that it was nine 0'clock then.today-that day今天-那天He said, "I haven't seen her today."He said that he hadn't seen her that day.yesterday-the day before昨天-前一天she said, "I went there yesterday."She said that she had gone there the day before.tomorrow-the next(following) day明天-第二天she said, "I'll go there tomorrow."She said that she would go there the next (following) day.here-there这里-那里come-go来-去注：（1）直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：He said, "Light travels much faster than sound."He said that light travels much faster than sound.(2)如果在当地转述，here 不必改为there,动词come 不必改为go. 如果在当天转述yesterday, tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变
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