求 高中英语名词性从句的区别及注意事项

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

名词性从句一.概念：在从句中起名词作用的从句即名词性从句。它们是：主语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句和表语从句。二.引起名词性从句的连词：1.that 无意义，只起倒引起从句的作用，如引导宾语从句可省略。That he beat his opponent in the tennis game encouraged his teammates.He said (that) another child was infected with bird flu.The fact is that he knows nothing about it.应用于Her dream that she will become a woman astronaut is sure to come true. 2.what 有意义，”所……的”或随句子意思而定。在从句中作主语，宾语和表语。 What makes her different from others is her strange behaviour. This is what I want to say. Please tell me what it is. 3.whether 有意义，“是否”，引导宾语从句可以用if。 Whether it is true is not certain. He asked me whether/if he could ask another question. 4.when 引起表示时间的名词性从句，意思是“……的时候”或“何时……” When we can get rid of the rubbish is still unknown. They didn’t know when they could meet again. The question is when the money can be collected. 5.where 引起表示地点的名词性从句，意思是“在……的地方”或“到……的地方” Where the meeting will be held hasn’t been decided. Everyong wants to know where the plant can be found. 6.how 引起表示方式的名词性从句，意思是“……的方式”或“如何……” The problem is how we can get out of the trouble. How we can get in touch with him is the most important. 7.why 引起表示原因的名词性从句，意思是“……的原因”或 “为什么……” Why he said that rubbish at the meeting puzzled me. At last,he told us why he didn’t agree with us. 8.who “谁” ,whom“谁”，whose“谁的” Who will be chosen is the topic of conversation now. I want to know who/whom you really want to see. Whose handwriting is the most beautiful is very clear now. 9.疑问词+ever 也可以引起名词性从句 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. Whoever fails to see this will make a big mistake. I’ll give it to whoever likes it. Parents shouldn’t give their children whatever he/she wants.三. 名词性从句的种类：四种——主语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句和表语从句1. 主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句，上述引导词除if外均可引起主语从句。 Who has been chosen is still a secret to all. That one believes in oneself in doing everything is very important.注意：主语从句如果偏长，可将其移至谓语动词之后，前面用it作形式主语。That he is an honest boy is known to all.→It is known to all that he is an honest boy.That the Chinese volleyball team once won six world championships successively is true.→It is true that the Chinese volleyball team once won six world championships. 在It is insisted/ordered/commanded/suggested/advised/proposed/demanded/required/requested…that…结构中，谓语动词常用should+动词原形。如：It is suggested that we should think twice before we act. It is requested that we should change the old instrument. 另外，在It is necessary/important/strange/surprised that…或 It is a pity/shamethat… 也用 should + 动词原形 如：It is a pity that he should go without telling anyone. It is necessary that you should tell him the truth. 2. 宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句，以上连词都可引起宾语从句。 Everyone knows that he always gives answers and never ask questions,so he is called Mr Know-all.宾语从句应注意的几个问题：① 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个that 可以省略，但从第二个开始不可以省略。 He said (that) he would spend his winter holiday in London this year and that it would be the first time he would spend his holiday alone abroad.② 当宾语从句有补语时，要用形式宾语it代替，而将宾语从句移至补语后，同时that不可省略。 We should make it clear that protecting the environment is everyone’s duty.We find it important that one forms a good habit.③ 在tell sb. that…; order sb.that…; remind sb.that…; explain to sb. that…; whisper to sb. that…等结构中that 不可省。 He told me that he was going abroad next month. He whispered to me that the man in blue is a policeman.④ 在be+adj.后的宾语从句中，that 可以省略。 I’m glad (that) I’ll see all my fiends soon. I’m sure (that) he will stand on our side.⑤ whether和if 均能引起宾语从句，但是if 只能在动词后，在介词后要用whether。 He asked whether/if we could do him a favour. We wondered whether/if he would come or not.---Will you come tomorrow?---Sorry,I really don’t know. It depends on whether it is raining (or not).⑥ 宾语从句在时态上要求与主句一致（即时态呼应），也就是说主句为一般现在时，从句可用任何时态；如从句为一般过去时态，主句应为过去时的某种时态。当然，从句为普遍真理和自然现象者例外. He says that he lives around the corner. He says that he has been here for a long time. He says that he once worked as a cook. He says that he is expecting his father’s telephone. He said that he was learning English for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. He said that he would go abroad for further information. He said that it does not snow in winter in Australia.⑦ 在某些动词后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，其结构为should+动词原形，should 可以省略。这些常用动词是：一个坚决要求insist; 两个命令order,command; 三个建议suggest,advise,propose；四个要求ask,demand,request,require 注意：insist有两个意思“坚决要求”和“坚持认为”，前者用虚拟语气，而后者用陈述语气（实际时态）；同样suggest 也有两个意思“建议”和“表明”或“暗示”，当“建议”讲时用虚拟语气，否则用陈述语气（实际时态）。 如：He insisted that he should go to the front.(虚拟语气) He insisted that Tom was honest and hardworking.(陈述语气) She suggested that she should answer the phone immediately.(虚拟语气) The smile on her face suggested that he was satisfied with the result.(陈述语气)上述其他动词后一律用should+动词原形如 They requested that an immediate answer should be given. He ordered that the troops (should) start at once.3.同位语从句：idea,fact,rumour,message,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,proof,evid-ence，promise,probability等名词后出现的that 或wh-引导的从句作同位语，人们称之为同位语从句，同为语从句对所修饰得词起解释说明的作用。I had no idea that you were here.They expressed the hope that they would visit China again.There is no doubt that he is not fit for the job.The question how they could get the information was brought forward at the meeting .The government warned that the rumour that an earthquake would hit Harbin was not believable.在下列同位语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形：One’s suggestion /advice/order/requirement/request/that… 如：My suggestion that we should collect money for the poor girl has been taken.4.表语从句：由that, as if, wh-等引起的作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 The manager’s suggestion is that the new products should be put in market as soon as possible. The fact remains that we are behind some developed countries. It seems /appears as if the problem has been settled. That’s what we should do. Asia is no longer what it used to be. That’s where we differ. That was how we were defeated. That was when our football team was formed. That was why we decided to put off the discussion. 在下列表语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形： One’s suggestion/requirement/order… is that… 如：My suggestion is that we should give him another chance. Her requirement is that she should be sent to Tibet to work.四. 解题要点： ①如果从句意思完整，须用that,因为that 不作成分。 ②在涉及到“是否……”时用whether,if只用在动词后的宾语从句中，而且也可以换成whether. ③that和what不可混淆，that无意义，不作成份；what有意义，做成分 ④that的不可省。