è±è¯åºæ¬å¥åæäºä¸ªï¼S+V, S+V+Cs, S+V+O, S+V+Oi+Od, S+V+Od+Co, å
¶å
±æç¹å¾æ¯ä¸»è°ç»æ(S+V)ã
å¥åæå主è¦æåç§ï¼ä¸»è¯Sãè°è¯å¨è¯Vãè¡¥è¯ï¼ä¸»è¯è¡¥è¯Csï¼å®¾è¯è¡¥è¯Coï¼å宾è¯ï¼ç´æ¥å®¾è¯Odï¼é´æ¥å®¾è¯Oi)ã
âPattern 1 (S + V)
1ï¼ æ¤å¥åä¸ï¼âVâ æ¯ä¸åç©å¨è¯ï¼åé¢æ 宾è¯ï¼å¦ï¼
My right arm hurts.
ä½é常æåç»æåæ称ç¶è¯(A)ï¼å³ S+V+Aï¼å¦ï¼
She lived happily.
The sun rises every morning.
2ï¼ å¨æäºå¥åä¸ï¼ä¸»è¯æè°è¯ææä¸é¨åå¯çç¥ï¼å¦ï¼
(I) Hope to see you again soon.ï¼çç¥ä¸»è¯ï¼
Who called? Jane (did).ï¼çç¥è°è¯ï¼
âPattern 2 (S + V + Cs)
1ï¼ æ¤å¥åç âVâ æ¯è¿ç³»å¨è¯ï¼âCsâ æ¯ä¸»è¯è¡¥è¯ï¼æ称表è¯ãå
å½ä¸»è¯è¡¥è¯çæåè¯ã代è¯ã形容è¯ãå¯è¯ãæ°è¯ãä»è¯çè¯ãå¨è¯ V-ing å½¢å¼æ V-ed å½¢å¼ãä¸å®å¼ååè¯æ§ä»å¥çï¼å¦ï¼
My first name is Bill.
Life is colorful.
Seeing is believing.
Our belief is that things will improve.
2ï¼ å¸¸è§çè¿ç³»å¨è¯æä¸åå ç±»ï¼
a. 表示âå¤æâï¼beï¼
b. 表示âåå¾âãâæ为âï¼become, come, go, fall, get, grow, prove, turn çï¼
c. 表示âä¿æçæä¸ç¶æâï¼hold, keep, lie, remain, rest, sit, stay çï¼
d. 表示âçèµ·æ¥âãâ好åâï¼appear, look, seem çï¼
e. 表示âå®æâï¼feel, sound, taste, smell çã
e.g. She is a teacher and I am a doctor.
Spring comes and all trees turn green.
He stayed awake all night.
You donât look happy, what's the matter?
Their plan sounds wonderful.
âPattern 3 (S + V + O)
1ï¼ âVâ æ¯åç©å¨è¯ï¼åé¢éè·ä¸ä¸ªå®¾è¯ï¼å¯å
å½å®¾è¯çæåè¯ã代è¯ãæ°è¯ãä¸å®å¼ãV-ing ç»æååè¯æ§ä»å¥çï¼å¦ï¼
I understand the program.
She asked to see the manager.
Mary is considering changing her job.
He said that he would call me tomorrow.
2ï¼ è¿ç§ç»æææ¶å¿
é¡»è·ç¶è¯ï¼æä¹æå®æ´ï¼å³ S + V + O + Aï¼ï¼å¦ï¼
We accepted their advice in buying a new car.
She completed the assignment just as the bell was ringing.
We donât trust him because he often lies.
You make a promise only when you know you can keep it.
âPattern 4 (S + V + Oi + Od)
1ï¼ æ¤å¥åç âVâ 称为å宾åç©å¨è¯ï¼å
¶åéè·é´æ¥å®¾è¯ âOiâï¼é常æ人ï¼åç´æ¥å®¾è¯ âOdâï¼é常æç©æäºï¼ã
2ï¼ æ¤ç±»å¨è¯å¤§é½å
·æç»ä¸çæä¹ï¼å¸¸è§çæallow, assign, award, bring, buy, cause, choose, fetch, find, get, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, post, promise, read, recommend, refuse, render, return, sell, send, show, sing, take, telephone, touch, tell, throw, wish, write çï¼å¦ï¼
I gave him the book.
Iâll return you the dictionary soon.
3ï¼ ææ¶é´æ¥å®¾è¯å¯ç§»è³ç´æ¥å®¾è¯ä¹åï¼ä½è¦å ç¸åºçä»è¯å¦ âtoâï¼âforâï¼âofâ çï¼è¯æ¯è¾ï¼
Betty gave her daughter an apple.
âBetty gave an apple to her daughter.
Father bought him a bike.
âFather bought a bike for him.
He asked me a question.
âHe asked a question of me.
âPattern 5 (S + V + Od + Co)
该å¥åä¸ï¼è°è¯å¨è¯è½æ宾è¯ï¼ä½å¥åæä¹ä»ä¸å®æ´ï¼éå è¡¥è¯ âCoâ 补足å
¶æä¹ãå
å½å®¾è¯è¡¥è¯çæåè¯ã形容è¯ãå¯è¯ãä»è¯çè¯ãä¸å®å¼çè¯ååè¯çï¼å¦ï¼
We call him a fool.
We found the house empty.
Our neighbors built their wall high.
We believe you to be an honest man.
I heard them singing in the classroom.
常ç¨çè¿ç±»å¨è¯æï¼
appoint, believe, call, catch, choose, consider, declare, elect, fancy, feel, find, hear, imagine, judge, keep, know, leave, make, name, need, prefer, prove, see, select, suppose, think, vote çã
Noun Clause(åè¯ä»å¥)
åè¯ä»å¥å
æ¬ä¸»è¯ã宾è¯ã表è¯ååä½è¯çä»å¥ãå®ä»¬å¯ä»¥ç±ä¸åè¿è¯å¼å¯¼ï¼ä»å±è¿è¯ that, whether, ifï¼è¿æ¥ä»£è¯ who(ever), whom, whose, what(ever), which(ever)ï¼è¿æ¥å¯è¯ when, where, why, how, how much / many /long /often çã
â主è¯ä»å¥å¨å¥ä¸ä½ä¸»è¯
That mathematics finds its use in every science is evident.
Whoever is tired may rest.
Why the earth moves round the sun is quite clear now.
主è¯ä»å¥å¸¸æ¾å¨å¥å°¾èç¨ it ä½å½¢å¼ä¸»è¯ä½¿å¥åæ´å 平衡ï¼è¿æ¶å£è¯ä¸å¸¸çç¥ that, å¦ä¸é¢ç¬¬ä¸å¥æ¹æâIt is evident (that) mathematics finds its use in every science.âæ´å¥½ã
å¨ä¸åæ
åµä¸å¿
é¡»æ主è¯ä»å¥æ¾å¨å¥å°¾èç¨ it ä½å½¢å¼ä¸»è¯ï¼
1ï¼ ä¸»å¥è°è¯æ¯è¢«å¨è¯ææ¶ï¼å¦ï¼
It is said that he is a good doctor.
2ï¼ ä¸»å¥æ¯çé®å¥ææå¹å¥æ¶ï¼å¦ï¼
Is it true that the film star will come?
How wonderful it is that we'll visit the Great Wall tomorrow.
3ï¼ ä¸»å¥è°è¯å¨è¯æ¯ appear, turn out, happen, occur, come, strike, follow, matter çæ¶ï¼å¦ï¼
It happened that she had a cold and didn't go with us that day.
It turned out that I was wrong.
4ï¼ è¡¨ç¤ºè¯´è¯äººçæ¨æµæè¯ä»·ï¼å¦å¨ it seems, it may be, it is (un)likely, it is (im)possible, it is a pity, it is a wonder çç»æä¸ï¼å¦ï¼
It seems that this test is reliable.
It is a pity (that) she can't go with us.
5ï¼ å¼ºè°ä¸»å¥ç表è¯æ¶ï¼å¦ï¼
It is a mystery to me how it all happened.
It is necessary that he should do so.
â宾è¯ä»å¥å¨å¥ä¸ä½å®¾è¯
I thought (that) you had read the book.
We should learn to tell whether an element is poisonous or not.
Do you know who invented this?
1ï¼ å®¾è¯ä»å¥åæ宾è¯è¡¥è¶³è¯æ¶å¸¸ç§»è³å¥æ«ï¼èç¨ it åå½¢å¼å®¾è¯æ¾å¨åé¢ï¼å¦ï¼
The experiment makes it clear that air has pressure.
2 宾è¯ä»å¥å¯ä½æäºä»è¯åæäºä½è¡¨è¯ç¨ç形容è¯ç宾è¯ï¼å¦ï¼
The resistance of a wire also depends upon what material it is made of.
We are sure (that) it will be a success.
3ï¼ å®¾è¯ä»å¥å¯ä»¥æ¯ç´æ¥å¼è¯ä¹å¯ä»¥æ¯é´æ¥å¼è¯ï¼å¦ï¼
He asked me, âAre you from Chengdu?âï¼ç´æ¥å¼è¯ï¼
He asked me whether I was from Chengdu.ï¼é´æ¥å¼è¯ï¼
â表è¯ä»å¥å¨å¥ä¸ä½è¡¨è¯
The reason is (that) we haven't raised enough money.
That is what we want to know.
âåä½è¯ä»å¥å¨å¥ä¸ä½è¡¥å
说æåè¯åå
¶çè¯çä»å¥
I am in doubt whether I should buy or not.
He expressed his hope that he would visit China again.
Relative Clause(å®è¯ä»å¥)
å¼å¯¼å®è¯ä»å¥çå
³ç³»è¯æ
1ï¼ å
³ç³»ä»£è¯ who, whomï¼ä»£äººï¼ï¼whichï¼ä»£ç©ï¼ï¼that, whose, as ï¼ä»£äººæç©ï¼ãå®ä»¬çæ°å人称è¦åå
è¡è¯ä¸è´ï¼æ ¼åå³äºå®ä»¬å¨å¥ä¸å
å½çæåï¼å¦ï¼
A machine is a kind of device which (that) helps to do work.
Those who want tickets should go to the office.
The technician whom we met yesterday had worked out a new automatic device.
å
è¡è¯åæéå®è¯ all, any, every, (a)few, no, only, some, very æåºæ°è¯æ形容è¯æé«çº§ç修饰æ¶ï¼æå
è¡è¯æ¯æç©çä¸å®ä»£è¯ all, little, few,much, none æ -thing ææçå¤åä¸å®ä»£è¯æ¶ï¼ä¸è¬åªç¨å
³ç³»ä»£è¯ that,å¦ï¼
Any boy that wants to succeed must work hard.
There is not much that can be done.
I've made up my mind, and nothing (that) you say will change it.
å
è¡è¯æ¯æç¤ºä»£è¯ such æ same æ¶ï¼åªç¨ as, å
è¡è¯è¢«æç¤ºå½¢å®¹è¯ such æ same 修饰æ¶ï¼é常ç¨as,å¦ï¼
This book is not such as I expected.
She said the same as she said before.
I've never seen such dogs as you describe.
I'll wear the same dress as I did last time.
2ï¼ å
³ç³»å¯è¯æï¼when, where, why, å®ä»¬é½å¨ä»å¥ä¸ä½ç¶è¯ï¼å
¶å
è¡è¯æ»æ¯è¡¨ç¤ºæ¶é´ãå°ç¹æçç±çåè¯ï¼å¦ï¼
The days when they had to import grain from abroad have now passed.
Air moves from places where the pressure is higher to places where the pressure is lower.
He refused to tell the reason why he did it.
éå¶æ§åééå¶æ§å®è¯ä»å¥ (Restrictive and Non-restrictive Clause)
éå¶æ§å®è¯ä»å¥æ¯ä¸»å¥ä¸çå
è¡è¯ä¸å¯ç¼ºå°çä¸é¨åï¼å¦æçå»ï¼ä¸»å¥çæä¹å°±ä¸å®æ´æä¸æç¡®ï¼å æ¤ï¼å®ä¸ä¸»å¥å
³ç³»ååå¯åï¼ä¸ç¨éå·ä¸ä¸»å¥åå¼ï¼ééå¶æ§å®è¯ä»å¥åªæ¯å¯¹ä¸»å¥ä¸çå
è¡è¯ä½éå 说æï¼å¦æçå»ï¼ä¸»å¥ä»è½è¡¨è¾¾æç¡®ãå®æ´çæ¦å¿µï¼å æ¤ï¼å®ä¸ä¸»å¥é´æä¸éå·åå¼ï¼å¦ï¼
Don't you know the people who live next door?
The problem, which is complicated, has been solved.
That ä¸ç¨äºå¼å¯¼ééå¶æ§å®è¯ä»å¥ï¼å
è¡è¯æ¯ä¸»å¥æ主å¥çä¸é¨åæ¶,ç¨ which æ as å¼å¯¼ééå¶æ§å®è¯ä»å¥ï¼å¦ä»å¥æ¾å¨ä¸»å¥ä¹ååç¨ as èä¸ç¨which,å¦ï¼
He changed his mind, which made me very angry.
He was a foreigner, as / which I knew from his accent.
As was expected, he performed the task with success.
å
³äº âNoun / Pronoun + Preposition + Which / Whom / Whoseâ ç»æ
The resistance of a conductor depends on the kind of substance of which it is made.
Isn't she the girl with whom you visited the exhibition the other day?
å
³ç³»ä»£è¯ whom å which 常常ä½ä»è¯ of ç宾è¯ï¼ç¨âåè¯ï¼ä»£è¯ï¼æ°è¯ï¼ofï¼whom / whichâç»æï¼å¦ï¼
He is reading a book, the name of which I don't know.
Her parents, both of whom are teachers, are very strict with her.
In our class there are forty students, four of whom are from Africa.
Whose æç©æ¶å¸¸å¯ç¨ of which 代æ¿ï¼è¿æ¶ whose æ修饰çåè¯æ¾å¨ of which ä¹åï¼å¦ï¼
We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear.
= We had a meeting the purpose of which was completely unclear.
Apposition and Appositive Clause(åä½è¯ååä½è¯ä»å¥)
å¯ä»¥ç¨ä½åä½è¯çæï¼
1ï¼ åè¯ã代è¯ãæ°è¯åå
¶å®ä»¬ççè¯ãä¸å®å¼ååè¯çè¯ï¼å¦ï¼
China, our great motherland, now is developing rapidly in science and technology.
We all went to see her.
We two are from Chongqing and they three are from Chengdu.
We all have a common desire â to become qualified teachers.
That's her job, taking care of the aged in the community.
2ï¼ of å¼å¯¼çä»è¯çè¯ï¼å¦ï¼
the city of Beijing, the art of writing
3ï¼ ç¨è¿è¯ or, or rather æ or better çå¼å¯¼çè¯æçè¯ï¼å¦ï¼
They arrived home late that evening or rather early the next morning.
4ï¼ ç¨æå
¥è¯ that is (to say), in other words, namely, for example, for instance, such as, say, especially, particularly, chiefly, mainly çå¼å¯¼çè¯æçè¯ï¼å¦ï¼
Mr. Smith knows five languages, namely English, French, Chinese, Russian and Japanese.
5. åä½è¯ä»å¥ï¼å³ä¸å
è¡è¯åä½æçåçä»å¥ï¼å
¶å
è¡è¯å¤ä¸ºbelief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, promise, question, remark, reply, report, thought, truth çï¼å
¶å¼å¯¼è¯å¤ä¸º thatï¼å¨å£è¯ä¸å¯çå»ï¼ï¼ä¹å¯ç¨ whether çï¼å¦ï¼
There can be no doubt that we'll finish in time.
Most people are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.
We should discuss carefully the important question whether or not we can complete the task within a week.
注æ that å¨åä½è¯ä»å¥ä¸ä¸ä½ä»»ä½å¥åæåï¼åªèµ·å¼å¯¼ä»å¥çä½ç¨ï¼èå¨å®è¯ä»å¥ä¸ that è¿å
å½ä¸»è¯æ宾è¯ï¼æç¶è¯ï¼æ¯è¾ ï¼
No one can deny the fact that he has made great achievements in his work.ï¼åä½è¯ä»å¥ï¼è¿è¯ that å¨ä»å¥ä¸ä¸ä½ä»»ä½ å¥åæåãï¼
This is the picture that the little boy drew yesterday. ï¼å®è¯ä»å¥ï¼å
³ç³»ä»£è¯ that å¨ä»å¥ä¸ä½å®¾è¯ãï¼
è±è¯å¥åä¸çè°è¯å¨è¯å¿
é¡»å主è¯å¨äººç§°åæ°ä¸ä¿æä¸è´ï¼å¦ï¼
Mr. Smith teaches us oral English.
Nowadays lots of college graduates are busy looking for jobs.
1ï¼ ä¸äºå¥åç»æä¸ç主è°ä¸è´ï¼
a. å¨ "there + be" å¥åä¸ï¼è°è¯å¨è¯é常åæé»è¿å®çé£ä¸ªåè¯ä¿æä¸è´ï¼å¦ï¼
There is a book and four pens on the desk.
There are two beds and a bookshelf in the room.
b. å¨å®è¯ä»å¥ä¸ï¼è°è¯å¨è¯åºå该ä»å¥çå
è¡è¯ä¿æä¸è´ï¼å¦ï¼
Alice is the person who runs the school.
He who cheats on exams will be kicked out of the school.
I was one of those persons who were luckily interviewed by the director himself.
ä¸ä¾ä¸å¦æ one åæ the only 修饰ï¼å¼ºè°æä¸ä¸ªä½æ¶ï¼ä»å¥çè°è¯å¨è¯åºç¨å
æ°ï¼å¦ï¼
I was the only one of those persons who was luckily interviewed by the director
himself.
c. åè£
ç»æä¸çè°è¯å¨è¯åºä¸å®ççæ£ä¸»è¯ä¿æä¸è´ï¼å¦ï¼
Here is a letter for you.
There come two buses.
2ï¼ å¹¶åç»æä½ä¸»è¯æ¶å¥åç主è°ä¸è´ï¼
a. ç± both ... and ... è¿æ¥ç两个åï¼ä»£ï¼è¯ä½ä¸»è¯æ¶ï¼è°è¯å¨è¯ç¨å¤æ°ï¼å¦ï¼
Both Tom and Mary have been invited to the party.
b. ç± and è¿æ¥ç并åç»æä½ä¸»è¯ï¼è°è¯ä¸è¬ç¨å¤æ°ãä½å½ä¸¤ä¸ªåè¯è¡¨è¾¾åä¸ä¸ªäººã
åä¸ä»¶äºæåä¸æ¦å¿µæ¶ï¼è°è¯åºè¯¥ç¨åæ°ï¼å¦ï¼
The writer and editor is going to the meeting in person.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
Law and order is so important to a country that no one should break it.
c. ç± as well as, as much as, along with, besides, in addition to, including, like, no
less than, rather than, (together) with çè¿æ¥ç两个åï¼ä»£ï¼è¯ä½ä¸»è¯æ¶ï¼è°è¯åº
å第ä¸ä¸ªåï¼ä»£ï¼è¯ä¿ææ°çä¸è´ï¼å¦ï¼
The bus driver as well as several passengers has survived the accident.
Yesterday I saw a pick-pocket with his company was caught by a policeman.
d. ç± or, either ⦠or ..., neither ⦠nor â¦, not only ⦠but also ⦠çè¿æ¥ç两个åï¼ä»£ï¼è¯ä½ä¸»è¯æ¶ï¼è°è¯ä¸è¬ååä¸ä¸ªåï¼ä»£ï¼è¯ä¿æä¸è´ï¼å¦ï¼
Not you but I am to blame.
Neither you nor I am responsible for the whole thing.
3ï¼ éä½åè¯ä½ä¸»è¯æ¶å¥åç主è°ä¸è´
a. cattle, police ä½ä¸»è¯æ¶ï¼è°è¯å¨è¯æ»ç¨å¤æ°ï¼å¦ï¼
Lots of cattle are raised on the grassland.
The police were searching for the criminals.
b. audience, board, class, committee, crowd, crew, enemy, family, government,
team çä½ä¸»è¯æ¶ï¼å¦æä½æ´ä½çå¾
ï¼è°è¯å¨è¯ç¨åæ°ï¼è¥å¼ºè°æ¯ä¸æåï¼è°è¯ç¨
å¤æ°ï¼å¦ï¼
The committee consists of 12 members.
The committee haven't reached any agreement yet.
I am not sure where my family is.
My family care a lot about my study.
4ï¼ ä¸äºä»£è¯ä½ä¸»è¯æ¶å¥åç主è°ä¸è´ï¼
a. ç± any, every, no å one, thing, body ææçåæ代è¯ä½ä¸»è¯æ¶ï¼è°è¯ç¨åæ°ï¼
å¦ï¼
Nothing was found in the room.
Everyone has known the story.
b. both, few, several å many ä½ä¸»è¯ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºå¤æ°çæä¹ï¼æ以è°è¯ç¨å¤æ°ï¼å¦ï¼
Both are not quite so honest.
Many students travel during their vacations.
5ï¼ å¸¦ææ°é修饰è¯çåï¼ä»£ï¼è¯ä½ä¸»è¯æ¶å¥åç主è°ä¸è´ï¼
a. åæ°å¯æ°åè¯åæ every, each, many a 修饰ãå¤æ°åè¯åæ each of, one of,
(n)either of, the number of ç修饰æ¶ï¼è°è¯ç¨åæ°ï¼å¦ï¼
Many a student travels during his / her vacation.
The number of criminal cases in this city is increasing steadily.
One of us is to join the army.
b. å¤æ°åè¯åæ a number of æ one or two 修饰æ¶ï¼è°è¯ç¨å¤æ°ï¼å¦ï¼
In this factory a number of workers are out of work now.
One or two plans are to be discussed.
c. åè¯åæ a lot (of), lots (of), all (of), any (of), most (of), some (of), none (of),
more than one, åæ°æç¾åæ°ç修饰è¯æ¶ï¼è°è¯åè¯çæ°è§ä¸å¿åè¯çæ°èå®ï¼å¦ï¼
Some of the butter has gone.
Some doctors are not well trained.
More than one picture was burned in the fire.
Half of it was damaged.
Half of them are here.
d. "æ°è¯ï¼å¤æ°åè¯"ä½ä¸»è¯ï¼è¥è§ä¸ºæ´ä½çå¾
ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºè·ç¦»ãæ¶é´ãä»·å¼ãééãé¿åº¦
çæ¶ï¼è°è¯é常ç¨åæ°ï¼å¦ï¼
Four years in the university is meaningful to me.
Two hundred dollars is too much to pay.
Five thousand miles is too far to travel.
e. "theï¼å½¢å®¹è¯"ä½ä¸»è¯è¡¨ç¤ºæä¸ç±»äººæ¶ï¼å
·æå¤æ°æä¹ï¼è°è¯ç¨å¤æ°ï¼å¦ï¼
The old are to be taken good care of in this community.
åèèµæï¼http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/681668.html?si=7