第2个回答 2012-12-04
从英译汉的角度讲，英语和汉语在词汇方面有词义、词的搭配能力和词序上的不同；在句法方面则有句子结构、句序和句子内容的一些表达手段上的差异。因此，在英译汉过程中，需要运用转换词性、调整句子顺序等技巧，以使译文符合汉语的表达习惯。 英语与汉语相比较，汉语中动词用得较多。往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以连用几个动词或动词性结构。所以，英语中不少词类在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。
一一一一、、、、名词较换成动词名词较换成动词名词较换成动词名词较换成动词
1) 英语词汇中由动词派生的名词、动名词和具有动词意义的名词都可以转换成汉语动词。例如： A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. 从他的办公室窗口可以看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。 There is no much time for consideration of the problem. 没有更多的时间考虑这个问题了。 Teaching English for children is not easy. 教儿童英语并非易事。
2) 作为英语习语主体的名词往往可转换成汉语动词。例如： A great cloud rose from the ground and followed the trail of the great sun. At first it was a giant column, which soon took the shape of a supermundane mushroom. For a fleeting instant it took the form of the Statue of Liberty magnified many times. 一朵庞大的云烟随着一轮巨日从地面升起。它起初是个巨大的圆柱，很快形成了凌云驾空的大蘑菇。一瞬间又变成了一座扩大了许多倍的自由女神像。
3) 英语中有些加后辍-er 的名词。这类名词有时在句中并不指身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往可以译成动词。例如： Although he was always the “background” briefer on foreign policy issues, he could never be identified as anything other than “a White House official” or “a high Administration source.” 虽然外交问题的“背景情况”总是由他介绍，但他只能被称为“一位白宫官员”或“一位政府高级人士”。 二二二
二、、、、形容词形容词形容词形容词、、、、副词和介词转换成动词副词和介词转换成动词副词和介词转换成动词副词和介词转换成动词
1) 英语中表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在连系动词后作表语时，往往可以译成汉语动词。例如： He is angry with me. 他跟我生气。 We are not content with our present achievements. 我们绝不满足于现有的成就。 Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救他的命。 常见的这类形容词有：confident, certain, careful, sure, afraid, doubtful, glad, sorry, aware, anxious, grateful, cautious, thankful, ignorant等。
2) 由副词构成表语或补语的某些句子，在英译汉时，这类副词一般也可转换成动词。例如： We must be off now. 我们该走了。 The meeting is over. 会议结束了。 He was out. 他出去了。 She opened the window to let fresh air in. 她把窗户打开，让新鲜空气进来。
3) 介词或介词短语转换成动词。例如： All of us are against (for) his proposal. 我们大家都反对(赞成) 他的建议。 We found her at her book in the library. 我们发现她在图书馆看书。 The girl in red is my sister. 穿红色衣服的女孩是我妹妹。 I barreled straight ahead, across the harbor, and out over the sea.我笔直向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。
1) 英语中有些形容词，前面加定冠词，通常用来表示一类人，这类形容词在汉语译文里一般译为名词。例如： the sick 病人；the poor 穷人；the rich 富人；the wounded 伤员；the unemployed 失业者；the old 长者；the young 年轻人 此外，根据情况有些形容词也可译为名词。例如： The Wilde family were
arrive ― arrival able ― ability accept ― acceptanceachieve ― achievement appear ― appearance appoint ― appointmentappreciate ― appreciation approve ― approval apply ― applicationastonish ― astonishment behave ― behavior breathe ― breathcomplain ― complaint consider ― consideration decide ― decisiondeep ― depth depend ― dependence die ― deathdiffer ― difference difficult ― difficulty direct ― directiondisappoint ― disappointment educate ― education elect ― electionexamine ― examinationexplain ― explanation expose ― exposurefly ― flight friend ― friendship happy ― happinessimagine ― imagination impress ― impression improve ― improvemeinform ― information intent ― intention invent ― inventionloyal ― loyaltymove ― movement object ― objectionoccur ― occurrenceoperate ― operation necessary ― necessitypeaceful ― peace perform ― performance permit ― permissionperson ― personal polite ― politeness product ― productionpresent ― presence protect ― protection react ― reactionrefuse ― refusal respond ― responseresponsible ― responsibilischolar ― scholarship short ― shortage solve ― solution able ― enable act ― activebelieve ― beliefbenefit ― beneficialconfidence ― confident convenient ― conveniencecourage ― courageouscost ― costly crowd ― crowdeddanger ― dangerousdesire ― desirable differ ― differenteconomy ― economicembarrass ― embarrassed expect ― unexpectedlyEurope ― Europeanextreme ― extremelyfortune ― fortunatefortunate ― fortunatelyfrighten ― frightened gold ― goldenhealth ― healthyindustry ― industriallate ― latelylogic ― logicallymusic ― musicalnerve ― nervousoccasion ― occasionaloffice ― official plenty ― plentiful practice ― practicalproper ― properly reason ― reasonableready ― readilyreception ― receptionist regular ― regularlyremark ― remarkable respect ― respectful/respectable satisfaction ― satisfied