doing 或to do或动词原形作主语怎么区别

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

动词原形不做主语，放在句首时句子为祈使句。1）一般来说，表示比较抽象的行为动作时多用动名词；表示比较具体的某次行为动作时多用不定式。如：
No smoking is permitted here.
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.
Reading more is necessary.
It is quite necessary to read it again.
2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)

Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)

3）在许多情况下，两者可以互换，意义上没有太大的差别。如：
Seeing him happy made me happy too.
It made me happy to see him happy.
It is useless learning something without practising it.
It is useless to learn something without practising it.
4）不定式作主语时，常使用形式主语结构；而动名词作主语时，较少用形式主语结构，只有在 It is no good, It is no use, It is useless, It is worthwhile 等句型中出现 it 作形式主语现象。如：
It is hard to make him change him mind.
It is not an easy thing to master a language.
How would it be to start tomorrow?
It took all his strength to move out of the crowds.
It seemed a pity to give up the chance.
Business is business and it will not do to be so careless.
It is no good pretending to know what you don't know.
It is no use regretting the past.
It is worthwhile learning another language.
5）在 there is no ... 句型中的主语只能用动名词，并且不能带逻辑主语。如：
There is no denying the fact.
Well, you have said it and there is no taking it back.
上述句子的意思如用不定式则分别为：
It is impossible to deny the fact.
Well, you have said it and it is impossible for you to take it back.
请看下面的例子：
_____computers is my job.
A.To sell B.Sell C.Selling D.Sold
这里讲的是一个笼统的，抽象的动作行为。“销售电脑是我的工作 / 我的工作是销售电脑。”所以说：Selling computers is my job.
试比较：
Teaching English is my job. （笼统、抽象、泛指）
To teach you English this term is my job. （具体、特指）

希望你能满意