一、 被动语态的用法：
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：
1. 先找出谓语动词；
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse
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other 一般和其他名词连用 如 other boys 除了提到的，其他的什么东西，人
the other 是2者 或两部分的 另一个，通常one is ....the other is ....
the others 可以直接当名词用 tom likes music,the others like too. 其他的（复数）
another 是没有范围的 另一个
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allow [E`lau]vt./ vi.允许，准许
allow for sth. 允许某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事
They don't allow smoking here.=They don't allow others to smoke here
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
should be allow doing sth.
(注意被动：sb. be allowed to do sth.)
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成功
动词succeed
名词success
形容词successful
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死亡
动词die，死
形容词dead，死的
名词death，死亡
副词deadly，死一般地
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看下这里的听力练习，从简单到难的。你自己感觉看看。
http://www.yangmaomao.com/radio/podcast/american-and-british-english.html-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
achievable副词，achievement名词
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volunteering
[ volunteer ]的现在分词
参考例句
His special satisfaction comes from volunteer work.
他从义务服务中得到最大满足
Volunteers swelled the ranks of the marchers.
自愿人员的加入扩大了游行者的队伍。
He volunteered for the hard and unprofitable job.
他自愿做这苦差使。
The volunteers formed themselves into three groups.
志愿人员分成三组。
My friend volunteered an interesting piece of news.
我的朋友主动告诉我一则趣闻。
He volunteered his services.
他主动提供服务。
Many villagers volunteered to house the flood victims.
许多村民自愿为水灾难民提供住处。
Many Australians fought as volunteers on the Allied side.
许多澳大利亚人作为志愿兵与盟军一起战斗。