英语宾语从句

Question

英语宾语从句中what,which,where,who,whose,whom,that,how,when应怎样区分？如果嫌麻烦，只需区分what,that,which,who,whom,whose(虽然也不少O(∩_∩)O哈哈~）
要求：一个单词一段解释，只需用法怎样用，不用概念等，最好举几个例子，具有代表性和区分性，简洁明了，意思清晰，速度要快，马上要考试了（还有1天，超急~~~）

Answer 1

**宾语从句*

1. 定义：用作宾语的从句叫*宾语从句*。

2． 构成：关联词+简单句

3． 引导*宾语从句*的关联词有三类：

(1) 从属连词that。如：

He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。

I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。

注： that在引导*宾语从句*时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，
that不能省略。

1． Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and
连接两个*宾语从句*，that*宾语从句*放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)

大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

2．I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的
*宾语从句*作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)

对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。

3．That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that从句位于
句首时，that不可省略。)

我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

4． We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would
admit him for a probationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入
语，that不可省略。)

鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。

(2)从属连词if/whether。如：

I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。

I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。

(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

连接副词 where, when, how, why。

如：

Who or what he was, Martin never learned.

他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。

I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。

I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。

You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。

(1) 介词*宾语从句*

*宾语从句*也可用作介词的宾语。如：

He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.

他对那天发生的事感到很不快。

I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。

I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。

Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.

你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。

有时介词可以省略。如：

I don’t care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。

Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。

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1．如果*宾语从句*后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将*宾语从句*后
置。如：

We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.

我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。

He has made it clear that he will not give in.

他已表明他不会屈服。

2．作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except,
but, in后。其他一些介词的*宾语从句*如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一
步，作形式宾语。如：

He is a good student except that he is careless.

他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。

You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。

介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：

Are you sorry for what you’ve done?

你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？

3．某些形容词或过去分词后常接*宾语从句*，这类形容词或过去分词有sure,
glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that
可省略。如：

I am not sure what I ought to do.

我不能确定我该做什么。

I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.

恐怕你没领会我说的意思。

I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.

我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。

Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.

妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。

4．连词whether (…or not)或if引导的*宾语从句*

if和whether引导的*宾语从句*可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般
不与or not连用。如：

I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。

用if引导*宾语从句*如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用wheter。试比较：

Please let me know if you want to go.

Please let me know whether you want to go.

if从句可理解为*宾语从句*，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状
语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。

5．*宾语从句*的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的*宾
语从句*，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定
形式。如：

I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。

I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他
们的工作。

I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是吗？

6． *宾语从句*的时态变化规律：

(1) 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。

(2) 当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观
真理除外。如：

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

老师说地球绕着太阳运行。

Answer 2

宾语从句

宾语从句是指
主从
句中用在
动词
或
介词
后作宾语使用的
从句
。
时态一致性原则
宾语从句的时态一致性原则需遵循一下原则：
1）当主句为过去时态时，从句必须使用过去时态（根据需要使用适当的过去时态）。 e.g
He
said
that
he
would
come
back
home
in
half
an
hour.
I
wondered
what
you
were
doing
this
time
last
night.
She
said
that
she
had
seen
the
film
before.
2）当主句为现在时态时，从句时态不受主句时间限制，根据其自身需要，使用适当的时态。 e.g
I
think
that
Mr.
Black
will
give
us
a
talk
tomorrow
afternoon.
The
police
want
to
know
what
you
were
doing
at
4:00
yesterday
afternoon.
Could
you
tell
me
how
I
can
get
to
the
railway
station?
3）当从句说明
客观规律
时，不受主句时间限制，只能使用
一般现在时
。 e.g
The
teacher
said
that
the
earth
circles
the
sun.
He
told
us
that
two
and
two
is
four.
从句的
句式
及
引导词
的选用
宾语从句引导词的选用同从句原句式有关。因为宾语从句的句式必须为
陈述句
式，原句式为疑问时，必须先变为陈述句式才能用作宾语从句，因此要体现从句的原句式，就应使用不同的引导词。宾语从句的引导词有：that、if、whether和wh-词。
that：用在原句式为陈述句式的从句前，可省略（主句含间接宾语时，应保留），引导词在从句中不作句子成分。 e.g
He
said
(that)
he
was
able
to
do
the
work
all
by
himself.
He
told
me
that
he
would
come
to
see
me
this
afternoon.
if/whether：用在原句式为一般疑问句式的从句前（原句式变为了陈述句式），使用whether时从句
中常
含有表示选择
关系
的
词组
，引导词在从句中不作句子成分。 e.g
He
asked
me
if
I
had
finished
my
homework.
(
if
I
had
finished
my
homework的原句式为had
I
finished
my
homework)
I
wonder
whether
he
is
a
student
or
a
teacher.
(whether
he
is
a
student
or
a
teacher的原句式为is
he
a
student
or
a
teacher)
wh-词（特殊疑问词）：用在原句式为特殊疑问句式的从句前，引导词在从句中充当一定的句子成分，因此选用引导词时，需考虑其在从句中的作用以及从句的意义。 e.g
Please
go
and
see
when
the
train
will
arrive.
He
asked
me
how
I
got
on
with
my
classmates.
The
police
want
to
know
what
you
were
doing
at
that
time.
从句的位置及其它

1）宾语从句应紧跟在动词（短语）之后，如动词带有间接宾语，从句应放在间接宾语后。 e.g
He
said
that
he
would
go
to
visit
his
uncle
the
next
day.
She
asked
me
if
I
had
finished
my
homework.
注：当宾语从句带有
补语
时，为保持
句子
平衡，一般应将宾语从句放在句尾，而在原宾语从句的位置上使用
形式宾语
it。 e.g
I
think
it
necessary
that
we
Chinese
students
read
English
every
day.
2）当主句动词为think、guess、believe等表示推测关系的
词语
时，宾语从句不使用否定式，如原从句为否定，应将从句变为肯定，而将主句动词使用否定（主语为第三人称时，可不考虑此
用法
，而直接将从句用否定）。 e.g
错：I
think
that
Jim
won’t
come
to
your
party
tonight.
对：I
don’t
think
that
Jim
will
come
to
your
party
tonight.
He
thinks
that
he
hasn’t
got
enough
presents.

衔接：中考英语宾语从句的主要考查点：
1）主从句时态的一致性：主要考察当主句为过去时态时，从句时态也应该使用过去时态（着重考察过去将来时）；当然也应注意：如从句为客观规律，应使用一般现在时。 e.g
He
said
that
he
_____
the
Great
Wall
tomorrow.
（答案为C）
A.
will
visit
B.
is
going
to
visit
C.
would
D.
went
The
teacher
said
that
the
sun
_____
in
the
east.
（答案为B）
A.
rise

B.
rises
C.
rose
D.
would
rise
2）从句的基本句式：一定记清楚，从句必须用陈述句式（无论任何动词都应放在主语后）。一般情况下，从句的句式和主从句时态一致性会在同一个题中进行考察。 e.g
I
want
to
know
_____.
（答案为B）
A.
where
are
they
going
B.
where
they
are
going
C.
they
are
going
where
She
asked
me
_____.
（答案为D）
A.
when
will
the
train
arrive
B.
when
would
the
train
arrive
C.
when
the
train
will
arrive
D.
when
the
train
would
arrive
3）从句引导词的判定：确定从句的引导词，需考虑从句的原句式是否为疑问句式以及从句中是否缺少
成分
。
（1）从句原句式是否为疑问句式的判定：当主句动词为ask、wonder、want
to
know、find
out、tell（无间接宾语，“判断”）以及用于否定和疑问的know，从句原句式为疑问，其引导词应用if、whether或wh-词。 e.g
He
asked
if
I
could
help
him
with
his
English.
She
wondered
what
she
could
do
with
the
boy.
（2）从句原句式为疑问时，应考虑从句中是否缺少成分，如不缺成分，引导词用if或whether（一般不考虑两者的区别；从句中含比较时，一般用whether）；如从句中缺少成分，应根据所缺成分的不同，选用适当的wh-词。 e.g
Do
you
know
_____
Mr.
Black
will
come
here
tomorrow？
A.
that
B.
if
C.
what
D.
when
（主句动词为疑问的know，从句原句应为疑问句式，排除引导原句为陈述句式的that；从句中已含有时间tomorrow，不需在考虑说明时间关系的wh-词，排除D；what只能用作主语、宾语或补语，从句中已有主语Mr.
Black，不缺主语，从句动词come不能带宾语或补语，排除C；由此可见从句不缺少成分，用if作引导词，选用A）

He
didn’t
know
_____
he
could
say
at
the
meeting.
A.
that
B.
if
C.
what
D.
how
（主句动词为否定的know，从句原句式应为疑问句式，排除that；从句动词say为及物动词，其后应
带上
宾语，但其后并无宾语，所以从句中缺少成分，排除if；how为疑问副词，不能用作宾语，排除D）
4）判定if或when引导的从句是否是宾语从句：主要考查从句中是否可用将来时态。宾语从句的时间为将来时，从句动词用一般将来时表示；而条件从句（if引导）或时间从句（when引导）的时间为将来时，从句动词用一般现在时表示。（参看时间从句和条件从句的中考衔接）附1：用不定式代换宾语从句将
主从复合句
变为简单句的方式：当主从句的主语一致或从句主语同主句的间接宾语一致时，从句时态为将来，引导词为wh-词或whether时，可将宾语从句变为不定式放在引导词后，使主从复合句变为一个简单句。 e.g
He
didn’t
know
what
he
should
say
at
the
meeting.
He
didn’t
know
what
to
say
at
the
meeting.
Could
you
please
tell
me
how
I
can
get
to
the
train
station?
Could
you
please
tell
me
how
to
get
to
the
train
station?
I
don’t
know
whether
I
should
buy
the
expensive
computer
or
not.
I
don’t
know
whether
to
buy
the
expensive
computer
or
not.

Answer 3

一、定义:置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
二、引导词:
连词:that
(that
常可省略),whether,
if
代词:who,
whose,
what
,which
副词:when
,where,
how,
why
等
(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)
1.可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say,
think,
insist,
wish,
hope,
demand,
imagine....基本的及物动词都行
eg.
I
believe
that
you‘ll
be
somebody
one
day.我相信有一天你会成功的。
2.
当主句谓语动词是
think,
believe,
suppose,
expect
等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
eg.
I
don’t
think
it
is
right
for
him
to
treat
you
like
that.
3.
在以下情况中that不能省略。当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
eg:He
said
(that)
you
were
too
young
to
understand
the
matter
and
that
he
was
not
ready
to
tell
you.
4.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
eg:Just
then
I
realized,
for
the
first
time,
that
I
had
misinterpreted
him.
5.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
eg:I
can’t
tell
him
that
his
mother
passed
away.
(二)由whether,if
引导的宾语从句。whether,if
意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
1.
只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句
在带to的不定式前
eg:We
decided
whether
to
walk
there.
在介词的后面
eg:I’m
thinking
of
whether
we
should
go
to
see
the
film.
在动词后面的宾语从句时
eg:We
discussed
whether
we
had
a
sports
meeting
next
week
直接与or
not连用时
eg:I
can’t
say
whether
or
not
thet
can
come
on
time.
2.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
eg:He
asked
if
I
didn’t
come
to
school
yesterday.
2.引导状语从句even
if(即使)和as
if(好象)时
eg:He
talks
as
if
he
has
known
all
about
it
3.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”
eg:The
students
will
go
on
a
picnic
if
it
is
sunny.
(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。
连接代词有:who,whom(指人),whose(指人或物),which(指物),what(指物)，
在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接副词有:when(时间),where(地点),why(原因),how(方式)，在句中担任状语的成分。
eg:Can
you
tell
me
whom
you
are
waiting
for?
能告诉我你在等谁吗?(指人)
I
don't
know
where
you
are
heading.
我不知道你要去哪。(指物)
三、语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分
四、时态
主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句:I
hope
everything
goes
well.
主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句:I
was
sorry
that
I
hadn’t
finished
my
work
on
time.
当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
例句:The
teacher
told
his
class
that
the
earth
goes
around
the
sun.
老师告诉学生说地球绕着太阳转。

Answer 4

who在这里引导的不是宾语从句，而是定语从句，用来修饰guy,在此句中guy是先行词，who
needs
a
second
chance 是修饰它的定语从句，who在这里不可省略，因为它修饰的guy在句中作表语
提醒一下：who引导定语从句时，只有当先行词在句中作宾语时，才可省略

Answer 5

what what后一般跟不完整的句子，如
l don^t believe what you said. 这里what指代你说的话（指代的一定是东西）
that that后跟一句完整的句子 如
l don^t believe that you will win the game.
which 指有选择的东西中的一样 必须有范围
who 与what差不多，只是指代的是人 如
l wonder who will get the first price yesterday.
whom 指代的人在后面的从句中是宾格时使用，即动作的承受者，但现在基本与who通用。如
he wondered whom had been beaten by you.
whose 指代的是这样东西是谁的 如
l want to know whose books on the table are.
how 表示实施动作的方式方法 如
i want to know how you completed the homeworks.
when 表示从句的时间