动词have的用法

如题所述

1. 在新目标英语七年级上册第五单元,学生们学习了诸如 "Do you have a soccer ball?"、"I have a great sports collection."、"Does he have a ping-pong ball?" 等句子,这里 "have" 表示拥有。
2. "have" 也可以表示吃或喝。例如:"I often have milk and eggs for breakfast."(我经常早餐喝牛奶吃鸡蛋)、"Do you usually have tea in the afternoon?"(你通常下午喝茶吗?)、"What do you often have for your three meals?"(你的一日三餐通常吃什么?)
3. "have" 还用于描述病情,构成如 "have a cold"、"have a toothache"、"have a fever"、"have a sore back"、"have a pain in/on" 等固定搭配。例如,在新目标英语八年级(上册)中有 "What’s the matter?"(你怎么了?)"I have a toothache."(我牙疼)
4. "have to" 用来表示必须做某事的义务,其意义与 "must" 相当。新目标英语八年级(上册)的例句如:Jenny, can you come to my party on Sunday?(珍妮,星期天能来参加我的聚会吗?)I’d love to.(我很乐意去。)How about you?(你呢?)I’m sorry, I have to help my parents.(抱歉,我得照顾我的父母。)
5. "have" 与名词连用,构成如 "have a walk"、"have a swim"、"have a rest"、"have a try" 等搭配,在这里 "have" 等于相应的动词。例如:Let’s lie down and have a rest = Let’s lie down and rest.(让我们躺下休息一下吧)、Do you often have dreams?=Do you often dream?(你常做梦吗?)
6. "have" 用于现在完成时中,与动词的过去分词一起构成完成时态,表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,也可表示动作从过去持续到现在,可能继续持续。例如,新目标英语八年级(下册)中的表达:Most of us have heard of Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and many famous Disney characters. Perhaps we have seen them in movies. But have you ever been to Disneyland?(很多人听说过米老鼠和唐老鸭的故事以及其他迪斯尼乐园的卡通形象,或许你在电影中见过他们,但是你去过迪斯尼乐园吗?)
7. "have" 用于过去完成时态中,由其过去式和动词的过去分词构成,表示在过去的某一动作之前已经完成的动作。常与 "by the time"、"by the end of" 等短语连用。例如,在新目标英语九年级第十单元,学习了这样的表达:By the time she went outside, the bus had already left.(当她出去的时候,公交车已经离开了。)
总的来说,"have" 的用法很多,例如在表达祝福时常说 "have a good time"、"have a good journey"。另外,"have" 加名词加过去分词可表示请或让某人做某事,例如:Tomorrow I will have my hair cut.(明天我要去理发。)
同学们在使用 "have" 时最容易出错的地方是在问句或否定句中,这主要是英式英语和美式英语的区别。在英国英语中,不需要借助助动词 "do",而在美式英语中则不尽然。另外,在英国英语中,还经常用 "have got" 来代替 "have",例如:"I have got a new computer" 等于 "I have a new computer"(我有一台新电脑)。
下面是一段概括 "have" 用法的句子,希望同学们能从中体会到 "have" 的用法:"My name is Fat. Every day I have lots of things, especially, I like sweet food. Yesterday I had a bad toothache. I had to go to the hospital. By the time I got to the bus station, the bus had left. I had to take a taxi. The doctor looked over carefully and said one of my teeth was broken. I had my tooth pulled out. From then on, I have never eaten sweet food."(我叫小胖,我每天都要吃很多东西,尤其喜欢吃甜食。昨天我牙痛得厉害,只好到医院,但是当我到达车站时,公共汽车已离开了,我只好打车去。医生仔细地做了检查,发现我的一颗牙齿坏了,我只好拔掉了。从此,我再也不吃甜食了。)
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