什么是主语,谓语,宾语,介词

如题所述

主语(subject)是一个句子的主题(theme),是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。但如果在疑问句中,或者把否定词、表示地点或时间的副词、程度副词、表语放在句首时,主语要放在谓语的后面,叫做倒装句。
1)名词用作主语。如:
A tree has fallen across the road. 一株树倒下横在路上。
Little streams feed big rivers. 小河流入大江。
2)代词用作主语。如:
You’re not far wrong. 你差不多对了。
He told a joke but it fell flat. 他说了一个笑话,但没有引人发笑。
3)数词用作主语。如:
Three’s enough. 三个就够了。
Four from seven leaves three. 7减4等于3。
4)名词化的形容词用作主语。如:
The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。
Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。
5)副词用作主语。如:
Now is the time. 现在是时候了。
Carefully does it. 小心就行。
6)名词化的介词用作主语。如:
The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. 我们必须承受人生沉浮。
Throughout is difficult to read. throughout这个字很难读。
7)不定式用作主语。如:
To find your way can be a problem. 你能否找到路可能是一个问题。
It would be nice to see him again. 如能再见到他,那将是一件愉快的事。
8)动名词用作主语。如:
Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。
Watching a movie is pleasure, making one is hard work. 看电影是乐事,制作影片则是苦事。
9)名词化的过去分词用作主语。如:
The disabled are to receive more money. 残疾人将得到更多的救济金。
The deceased died of old age. 死者死于年老。
10)介词短语用作主语。如:
To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很远。
From Yan'an to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback. 从延安到南泥湾骑马要走三小时。
11)句子用作主语,即主语从句。如:
Whenever you are ready will be fine. 你不论什么时候准备都行。
Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we have to. 不能说因为萨利要走因而我们也得走。
主语可由一个以上的名(代)词等构成,这种主语可唤作并列主语。如:
He and I are old friends. 我和他是老朋友。
The Party and government show great concern for our welfare. 党和政府非常关怀我们的生活。
英语常用无人称的名词作主语。如:
A gun wounded him. 有人用枪打伤了他。
The happy news brought them all to my home. 他们听到这好消息后就都来到我的家。
英语还常表示时间、地点的词用作主语。如:
“Today is your last lesson in French," said Mr. Hamel. (Alphonse Daudet)“今天是你们最后一堂法文课。”韩麦尔先生说。(阿尔丰斯·都德)
Tian An Men Square first saw the raising of our five-star red flag on October 1st, 1949. 1949年10月1日天安门广场上升起了我们的第一面五星红旗。
和汉语一样,英语的主语有时用得不合逻辑。如:
The kettle is boiling. 水壶开了。
My tent sleeps four people. 我的帐篷睡四个人。
有时为了强调或补充,在口语中,说话人往往用名词(或代词)重复主语。如:
He is nice man, your friend Johnson. 他是个好人,你的朋友约翰逊。
The poison it has worked. 那毒药,它起作用了。
To see you after such a long time, that was good. 过了这么久又见到你,这太好了。
有时重复主语的名词(或代词)可带有be,have或助动词。如:
It went too far, your game did. 太过分了,你耍的花招太过分了。
He was happy, he was. 他真快乐,真快乐。(he was亦可单独成句,变为He was)
希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。
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