过去分词的用法是什么

Question

什么时候用过去分词

Answer 1

过去分词用法透视

过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，在句子中可以用作定语、表语、宾语和状语，但不能单独构成谓语，在历届高考试题中，过去分词都是考查的重点，现结合历届高考试题，对其用法作一简要分析。

一、              作定语。 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，如果是过去分词短语，要放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语是高考考查的重点。如：

1.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _______ as 3M. (2004浙江)

  A. knowing     B. known      C. being known     D. to be known

析：答案B。过去分词known短语作Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company的定语，表示被动。

2.The first textbooks       for teaching English as a foreign Language came out in the

16^th century.                                                       (NMET94)

A. having written    B. to be written    C. being written    D. written

析：该题旨在考查分词作定语的用法。句中的the first textbooks与write之间是被动关系,而且write 所表示的动作已经完成，故应排除A、B、C三个选项，Written相当于that were written。

3.The Olympic Games,      in 776B.C, did not include women players until 1912. (NMET97)

A.     first playing   B. to be first played   C. first played   D. to be playing

析:此题是考查过去分词作非限制性定语的用法.句中The Olympic Games与play之间是被动关系,故排除A、D  项。B项是不定式的被动式,表示“未来”,故也排除。因此,应该选C项，它相当于一个非限制性定语从句which were first played.

4.The computer center,     last year, is very popular among the students in this school                                                          .(MET93)

A. open    B. opening   C. having opened    D. opened

 析:此题也是考查过去分词作非限制性定语,opened与先行词the computer center之间是被动关系,相当于which was opened last year. 既“去年开业的”。

二、作宾语补足语。如：

5.You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it _______ often enough.  (2005年天津)

 A. explaining      B. to explain    C. explain     D. explained

析：答案D。explained短语作宾补，表示交通规则已被解释的足够多了。

6.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself_________.        (MET’91)

 A. hear       B. to hear        C. hearing       D. heard

析：此题正确答案为D。make sb. do sth.和 make sb. done都是固定短语，但此句的意思是：heard。

7.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see______ the near year. (NMET’2000)

 A. carry out       B. carrying out       C. carried out      D. to carry out

析：此题考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语的用法。四个选项均为短语动词carry our的不同形式。题干中关系代词that引导的一个定语从句，修饰先行词 the plan，that表示 the plan的意义，并在定语从句中充当see的宾语。See后跟的是复合宾语结构，其中宾语that是其后宾补 carry out动作的承受者，故宾补用过去分词。

8.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _________ behind his back..       (MET’91)

  A. being tied       B. having tied         C. to be tied       D. tied

析：该题旨在考查“with+复合宾语”结构。由四个选项可知，充当宾语补足语的是非谓语动词。his hands与tie之间的关系为被动关系，而且表示tie的动作已经完成，因此排除A、B、C项。

三、作状语。 过去分词短语作状语通常说明谓语动作发生的背景或情况，也表原因，时间，条件等，与其逻辑主语是被动关系。如：

9._______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.                                               （2005年上海）

  A. Put       B. Putting      C. Having put     D. Being put

析：答案A。the hotline时put的动作被执行者，所以要用过去分词作状语，表示被动。

10._______ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.（2005江苏）

 A. Having lost     B. Lost     C. Being lost    D. Losing

析：答案B。本题考查过去分词作时间状语。Lost的意思是“迷路”，这两个学生在山中迷失达两周之后。

11._______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

  A. Being founded    B. It was founded    C. Founded     D. Founding   (2000年上海)

析：本题考查过去分词作时间状语的用法。答案为C。句中过去分词短语Founded in 1636相当于Since it was founded in 1636。

12._______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.

  A. Given      B. To give       C. Giving        D. Having given      (2000年春季)

析：此题考查非谓语动词得用法。当分词或分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。当句子主语去支配分词动作时，用现在分词的主动形式；当句子主语接受分词动作时，用过去分词形式。本题中句子主语是形式主语，动词不定式to recover from the operation才是意义上的主语。它对于分词动作只能是接受，而不可能是支配。据此就可以排除C、D两项。动词不定式作状语，可以表示目的或结果，而此句意思内容不需要这种状语，可以排除B项。此外，given短语是一种十分特殊的用法，相当于considering…或者Taking into account的意思。前半句可以译为：从他身体的总情况看来，所以正确答案是A项Given。

13.The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.    (NMET2002)

  A. begins        B. having begun         C. beginning       D. begun

析：该题考查考生对句义的理解和对非谓语动词的掌握情况。在once…nothing can be done to change it.这一句子中,begin的逻辑主语为the research，而该处强调的是人的作用，所以采用了被动形式，并将其完全形式once the research is begun缩略为once begun。

四、作表语。 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。如：

14.The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ________. (2005年湖北)

 A. to spend     B. spent      C. being spent    D. spending

析：答案B。此题考查系表结构和非谓语动词。Spent是过去分词作表语。

15.The play was so________ that nearly everybody was ________ to tears.

   A. moved; moving     B. moved; moved     C. moving; moved    D. moving; moving

析：答案为C。要注意过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语表示主语的特征或所处的状态，而被动语态表示一个动作。

Answer 2

1、过去分词概说编辑本段回目录 过去分词在句中可以
1） 构成谓语:
a. 和have一道构成完成时态或非谓语动词的完成形式：
I haven’t been out much recently.我最近没太出门。
I knew you had been busy. 我知道你一直很忙。
I’m sorry not to have given you enough help. 对不起没给你足够的帮助。
Having read the instructions, she snatched up the fire extinguisher. 看完说明书之后，她抓起了灭火器。
b. 和be一道构成被动语态或非谓语动词的被动形式：
The letter has been opened! 信被人拆开了。
He was said to have been arrested. 据说他被捕了。
2） 用作表语：
I am awfully worried. Daddy is ill.我很着急，我爸爸病了。
3） 用作定语：
She had a worried look on her face. 他满面愁容。
4） 构成复合宾语：
She wanted the work finished by Friday. 他要求这工作星期五前完成。
5） 作状语：
Aroused by the crash, he leapt to his feet. 他被撞击声惊醒，一跃站起身来。
过去分词只有一种形式，在大多数时候下都有被动的意思。
2、过去分词作表语编辑本段回目录 1) 过去分词作表语的时候很多（其中有很多已变成形容词）：
He was amazed and enchanted at the sight. 看到这情景他感到惊异着迷。
She was annoyed at your saying that. 你这样讲她很不高兴。
We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning. 我们烦得要命禁不住打哈欠。
They were very pleased with the girl. 他们很喜欢这姑娘。
I am afraid I’m slightly drunk. 可能我有一点醉了。
I’m obliged to you for all you’ve done for us. 我很感激你为我们所做的一切。
The couple were devoted to each other. 这对夫妻十分恩爱。
2)这种结构和被动语态是有差别的，“be+表语”结构表示一种状态，而被动语态表示一个动作，比较下面句子：
be+表语结构（表示状态） 被动语态（表示动作）
the shop is closed now. it’s usually closed at 8 o’clock.
The town is surrounded by hills. Soon they were surrounded by bandits.
The room is deserted. She has been deserted by her husband.
be+表语结构都包含be或其他系动词加过去分词，而被动结构必须与其对应的主动结构在时态上一致。例如右边例句的主动结构（Her husband has deserted her.）和它们在时态上是一致的。
注：有些带-ed结尾的词，并不是过去分词，而是由名词变化而来的形容词：
As an artist, she is quite gifted. 作为画家，她很有天赋。
3、过去分词做定语编辑本段回目录 1) 有很多过去分词可用作定语，特别是表示情绪的词：
The worried look deepened upon her face. 她脸上的愁容加重了。
Martin’s confused sorrows turned to optimism. 马丁烦乱的悲哀情绪转而变成了乐观情绪。
She could hear his agitated voice. 她可以听到他激动的声音。
2) 还有许多其他过去分词可用作定语。
Printed matter印刷品 a written report 书面报告
Guided missile导弹 armed forces 武装力量
Smoke fish熏鱼 canned food 罐头食品
Required courses必修课 classified document 机密文件
Animated cartoons动画片 furnished rooms 有家具的房间
3）还有许多由过去分词构成合成形容词：
Air-conditioned rooms有空调的房间 hand-made goods 手工操作泵
A well-dressed woman穿着讲究的女子 a cautiously-worded statement措辞谨慎的声明
4）绝大部分过去分词都有被动的意思，有少部分过去分词却不然，而带有完成的意思：
The risen sun初升的太阳 vanished jewels消失了的珠宝
Returned students 归国留学生 fallen leaves 落叶
A dated map 过时的地图
注：有些带-ed结尾的词，并不是过去分词，而是由名词变化而来的形容词：
Skilled workers 熟练工人 salaried class 工薪阶层
有些合成形容词也是由“名词+ed”构成：
Good-natured天性善良的 one-sided片面的
Absend-minded心不在焉的 muddle-headed糊里糊涂的
5） 有些现在分词短语跟在所修饰词后面，作用接近于一个定语从句：
What’s the language spoken in that country? 那个国家讲的是什么语言？
This is something unheard of in history.这是史无前例的事。
The play put on by the teachers was a big success. 老师们表演的戏很成功。
6） 间或跟在名词后的可能是一个单一的过去分词，而不是短语：
They didn’t allow us to make the alterations suggested. 他们不允许我们作提出的修改。
The designers decided to change the materials used.设计者决定改变所用的材料。
The man concerned was her husband. 有关者即是她的丈夫。
How much time is there left? 还剩下多少时间？
7） 作定语的过去分词常指已经完成的动作，若要表示现在正在进行的动作，要用过去分词的进行形式，也就是现在分词的被动形式：
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。
What do you think of the summit meeting being held in Vienna? 你对正在维也纳召开的峰会有什么看法？
I knew nothing about the experiment being conducted there. 我对在那里进行的试验一无所知。
4、 过去分词构成复合宾语编辑本段回目录 1）在某些动词后可用过去分词构成复合宾语：
We’ll get her X-rayed.我们要给她透视。
I’ve recently had my appendix removed.我最近把盲肠割了。
Have you ever heard a song sung in Japanese?你听过用日语唱的歌吗？
Rarely had I seen him so worked-up. 我很少见他这样激动过。
He watched the bed carried out of the door. 他看着床被搬出去。
We all wished the problem settled. 我们都希望这问题得到解决。
She didn’t want her daughter taken out after dark. 她不希望天黑后女儿被带出门。
He felt a great weight taken off his mind. 他感到心头如释重负。
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. （谚）少说多看。
The scents made her drunk.. 这些气味使她陶醉。
How would you like your hair cut? 你喜欢把头发剪成什么式样？
He found the house deserted. 他发现房子里空无一人。
At 4:30 p.m the chairman declared the session closed. 下午四点半主席宣布闭会。
He acknowledged himself defeated. 他承认自己被打败了。
Wo do consider ourselves justified in doing so. 我们的确认为我们这样做是有道理的。
2）介词with 后有时也可以跟这类复合宾语：
He sat with his arms clasped round his knees.他双手抱膝坐着。
All afternoon he worked with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在家工作。
That year ended with nothing settled.那一年什么事也没解决就结束了。
5、 过去分词做状语：编辑本段回目录
1）过去分词有时可用作状语，修饰谓语（多放在句首，也可放在后面或插在中间）：
Seen from the hill,the city looks magnificent.从山上看这座城市非常壮观。
Convinced that they were trying to poison her,she refused to eat anything.她认为他们想毒害她，便拒绝吃任何东西。
Weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.连续的暴雨使桥身受损，这座桥已不再安全。
A bit frightened,I handed it to her.我略带惊恐地把它递给了她。
Greatly interested,I asked how he played these works.大感兴趣之下，我问他是如何演奏这些新作的。
Given good health,I hope to finish the work this year.如果身体好，我希望今年完成这工作。
She entered, accompanied by her mouth.。她由他母亲陪着走进来。
They came in,followed by their wives.他们走了进来，妻子们跟随在后。
He soon felt asleep,exhausted by the journey.由于旅途劳顿，他很快就睡着了。
Henry ,lerribly embarrassed ,blushed too.亨利十分尴尬，脸也红了。
Mr.cooper,deeply moved ,thanked him again and again.库柏先生深为感动，一再向他表示感谢。
Tom ,horrified at what he had done,could at first say nothing.汤姆对他做的事感到恐惧，一时说不出话来。
2）有时一个单独的过去分词也可用作状语：
Depressed,he went to see his elder sister.情绪低沉时他就去看他的姐姐。
Frustrated,he went back to his hometown.他灰心丧气地回到了家乡。
“She’s right.”he said,pleased.他高兴的说：“她是对的。”
He turned away disappointed.他失望地走开了。
Shelley ,astonished ,urged her to explain.雪莱很是吃惊，忙催她解释。
3）过去分词有时和连词一起用：
I went on talking ,though continually interrupted by George.我继续讲我的，尽管不断被乔治打断。
They would never do this unless compelled.除非受到强迫，否则他们绝不会做这样的事。
He will come if asked.若收到邀请，他会来的。
When treated with kindness,he was very amiable. 当别人善待他时，他是非产和蔼可亲的。
He tarted as if awakened from a dream.他吓了一跳，彷佛从梦中惊醒似的。
Whenever asked about it,he could hardly hold back his emotions.每当有人问及此事，他就难以控制自己的感情。
4）在少数情况下，过去分词可引导一个句子状语：
Judged by ordinary standards,he was reliable.用普通标准来判断，他是可靠的。
Granted the exceptions,Tony agreed that all English women are haughty.如果允许有例外的话，托尼同意英国女人都是很高傲的。
Given good weather ,our ship will reach Bombay on Monday evening.如果天气好，我们的船星期一晚上可到达孟买。
Provided(that)there is no opposition,we shall hold the meeting there.如果没有人反对，我们将在那里开会。
分此前有时还有一个逻辑上的主语：
Everybody,myself excepted,said no.除我之外，所有的人都不赞成。
They’ll send you the book for 你若寄去2.75美元，他们就会寄你这本书，邮资在内。
Everything considered,his plan seems better.从各方面考虑，他的计划似乎好一些。

简单地说就是:
已经发生的动作,那个动词就用过去分词就是了

Answer 3

以下是过去分词的用法：

过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。

Answer 4