定语从句

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

【四】定语从句：修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
由于在句中的作用相当于形容词，故也称为形容词性从句。
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。
非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。
一.限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。
1.由关系代词引导定语从句：关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等（在句中作主、表、宾、定等成分）
1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。
e.g. The classroom that is on the fourth floor is poorly equipped.
2. 关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，常可省略。
e.g. This is the girl with whom he works.
In this earthquake, the number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250,000.
I have many good friends to whom I am going to send postcards.
You’re the only person whose advice he might listen to.
The river which runs through the center of the city brings us a lot of pleasure.
He has given us as much advice as he can.

【例】The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.
【例】The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.
【例】He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.
【例】It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.
【例】The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.
The man (who/that/whom) you talk to just now is a famous runner.
【例】The service (which/that) the students complain about a lot should be improved.
He is a library assistant (whom/that/who) I borrowed some books from.
【例】It is a famous school (which/that) he graduated from 3 years ago.
【例】The chair (which/that) he is sitting on now is made of wood.
有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：
【例】He is the student (who/whom/that) the teachers are looking for.
【例】The number of the children (who/whom/that) she takes care of is 3
【知识点5】
注意复杂介词短语+which或whom引导的定语从句，是高考考查热点。
【例】They finally climbed up the mountain, on top of which many strange birds were seen.
【例】Look at the photo. This is Mr. Green, in front of whom sit three students.
不定代词+of+ which/ whom 引导的定语从句可化为of+ which/ whom+ 不定代词 结构；这也是高考常考点。其中用到的不定代词有some, any, none, both, all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one, 等等。
【例】There are 40 students in our class, most of whom（=of whom most）like English.
【例】These are books written by Mark Twain, one of which（=of which one）was read to me by my father
【例】She has two sons, neither of whom（=of whom neither）is a teacher.
【例】She has many books, none of which(=of which none) is interesting.
关系代词whose+名词 引导的定语从句可转化为 the+名词+of+ which / whom 或 of+ which/whom+ the +名词结构；of 表所属关系。
【例】I live in a room whose windows are all broken.
=I live in a room of which the windows are all broken.
= I live in a room the windows of which are all broken.
【例】This is my teacher whose handwriting is excellent.
= This is my teacher the handwriting of whom is excellent.
= This is my teacher of whom the handwriting is excellent.
由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，当主从句主语一致时，定语从句可缩略为：介词+ which/whom+ to do 结构。
【例】I have a small room in which I live in.
=I have a small room in which to live.
=I have a small room to live in.
【例】He has a good friend to whom he can turn for help.
=He has a good friend to whom to turn for help.
=He has a good friend to turn to for help.
介词后不一定只能接关系代词，可能会接关系副词，主要取决于介词及句子意思。
【例】He used to live in London, from where he came from.
【例】He graduated from Beijing University in 1988, since when he has improved himself in all aspects.
4. 只用that，不用which的情况：
a. 当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；
b. 当先行词前有the only, the very, the last等词修饰时；
c. 当先行词为anything, nothing, something, everything, all, little, much等不定代词修饰时；
d. 当先行词前有all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等词修饰时；
e. It is 句型中的引导定语从句时。
只用which，不用that的情况：
a. 引导非限制性定语从句时；
b. 引导词前有介词时；
c. 一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导；
e.g. He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time.
. 当those作为先行词指人时，通常只能用who引导；
7. as 从句的先行词是the same, such, 或被他们所修饰；多用于表示肯定意义的从句中，不用于表否定意义的从句中。
e.g. Many of the sports are the same as they were when they started.
The result was not such as he expected.
It was raining hard, which(as) was unexpected.
8. 介词+关系代词要根据
a. 谓语动词的固定搭配 e.g. This is the evidence with which the case is connected.
b. 先行词 e.g. I’ll never forget the day on which\when I joined the party.
. 句子表达的意思 e.g. The boss in whose department Mr King worked got sacked.
d. 在非限制性定语从句中，名词\代词+of+which\whom表示整体与部分的关系
e.g. The workers, some of whom stayed for four years, came from different countries.
e. 介词的位置一般放在关系代词之前，有时也可放在从句中原来的位置上。
e.g. We did it in the same way in which he did\which he did in.
That 作为关联词可以当作关系副词用
e.g. This is the house in which Louis XIII lived.
This is the house that Louis XIII lived.
This is the house where Louis XIII lived.
This is house which Louis XIII lived in.
This is the house Louis XIII lived in.
My brother who is very clever studies chemistry all by himself.
使用定语从句勿滥！可以使用单个形容词，或较短的非谓语动词结构的，尽量使用简略些的方式。使句子读起来更顺口！
Potato can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.
I don’t like the way (that) you treat us.

Answer 2

用以修饰名词或名词性词组的从句。
被修饰的名词或名词性词组称作先行词（海外港台称“前置词”）。定语从句通常由关系代词（that、which、who、whom 等）引导，置于被修饰名词或名词性词组的后面。

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. （which / that在句中作主语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语）

定语从句还可以由关系代词（when、where、why等）引导，也置于被修饰名词或名词性词组的后面。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why。例：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.本回答被网友采纳

Answer 3

张老师带你了解什么是定语从句。

Answer 4

什么是定语从句？