第2个回答 2013-09-19
With是个介词，基本的意思是“用”，但它也可以协助构成一个极为多采多姿的句型，在句子中起两种作用；副词与形容词。
with在下列结构中起副词作用：
with + 宾语 + 宾补（宾语补足语可以是v-ing/v-ed/to do，区别如下）
◆with + 宾语 + 动词ing （表示主动，正进行）
He lies there, with his eyes looking at the window.
◆with + 宾语 + 动词ed（表被动）
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
◆ with + 宾语 + 动词不定式，即：to do（表将来）
I can’t go out with a lot of homework to do.1.“with+宾语+现在分词或短语”，如：
(1) This article deals with common social ills, with particular attention being paid to vandalism.
2.“with+宾语+过去分词或短语”，如：
(2) With different techniques used, different results can be obtained.
(3) The TV mechanic entered the factory with tools carried in both hands.
3.“with+宾语+形容词或短语”，如：
(4) With so much water vapour present in the room, some iron-made utensils have become rusty easily.
(5) Every night, Helen sleeps with all the windows open.
4.“with+宾语＋介词短语”，如：
(6) With the school badge on his shirt, he looks all the more serious.
(7) With the security guard near the gate no bad character could do any thing illegal.
5.“with+宾语＋副词虚词”，如：
(8) You cannot leave the machine there with electric power on.
(9) How can you lock the door with your guests in?
上面五种“with”结构的副词功能，相当普遍，尤其是在科技英语中。
接着谈“with”结构的形容词功能，有下列五种：
一、“with+宾语+现在分词或短语”，如：
(10) The body with a constant force acting on it. moves at constant pace.
(11) Can you see the huge box with a long handle attaching to it ?
二、“with+宾语+过去分词或短语”
(12) Throw away the container with its cover sealed.
(13) Atoms with the outer layer filled with electrons do not form compounds.
三、“with+宾语+形容词或短语”，如：
(14) Put the documents in the filing container with all the drawers open.
四、“with+宾语+介词短语”，如：
(15) The young lady with a red ribbon on her head is my former maths teacher.
(16) Do you know the gentleman with both hands in his pockets?
五、“with+宾语+副词虚词，”如：
(17) Is there any water in the kettle with this cover off ?
(18) Out went the boy scouts with their uniforms on.
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