词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。并且在定语从句“介词+whom/which”的结构中,不能用that 代替whom/which。She is a good student from whom we should learn.
介词分为时间介词.地点位置方向介词.方式介词.原因介词和其他介词
介词口诀:自从以当为按照,由于对于为了到;和跟把比在关于,除了同对向往朝;用在名词代词前,修饰动形要记牢。.
一,to做介词
look forward to doing
prefer doing to doing
be/get used to doing
pay attention to doing
二,to做不定式
want to do
want to do
ask to do
tell to do
hope to do
learn to do
try to do
decide to do
一、并列连词
1、表示对等关系的并列连词。使用该类并列连词时必须保持结构对等,词性统一,在句子中要使用对等成分,不可失之偏颇。常用的该类连词有:and,either...or,neither...nor,as well as,both...and,not only...but also。如:
This is an old clock that is not only very handsome but also accurate.
2、表示选择关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有:or,or else,otherwise,rather than,either...or。如:
You should get the license right away,or you'll have to pay a fine.
3、表示转折和对比关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有:but,while,whereas,yet,however,nevertheless,on the other hand,on the contrary。如:
She is a funny girl,yet you can't help liking her.
4、表示因果关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有:so,for,therefore,hence,thus,consequently,accordingly。如:
It was raining heavily,so the sports meeting was postponed.
二、从属连词
1、引导时间状语的从属连词。该类连词除一些常用的外,还包括:as soon as,the moment(一……就……),the minute,the instant,once, immediately(一……就……),no sooner...than
(一……就……),hardly...when(刚……就……)。
如:
He told me the news immediately he got it.
2、引导地点状语的从属连词。该类连词有两个:where和wherever。如:
Where there is a life,there is a hope.
3、引导条件状语的从属连词。该类连词除
if,unless和if only(要是……就好了),还有:
provided(that),providing(that),supposing(that),
suppose,in case(that),as long as(只要),on condition that。如:
If only I had more money,I could buy some new clothes.
4、引导目的状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:so that,that,in order that,lest,for fear that, in case(that)。例如:
She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.
5、引导原因状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:as,because,since,in that, now that(既然),seeing that(鉴于)。例如:
Seeing that it is eight o'clock,we'll wait no longer.
6、引导比较状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:as,as...as,less(more)... than,the more...the more。例如:
The more we can do for you,the happier we will be.
7、引导方式状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:as,as if(好像),as though(好像)。例如:
Heat can flow from a hot body to a cooler body as if it were a fluid.
8、引导结果状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:so...that,such...that,so(that)。例如:
He is such an honest man that everyone would like to trust him.
9、引导让步状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:though,although,even if,even though, while,as,whatever,however,whoever,no matter...(不管)。例如:
Hard as he tried,he failed to pass the exam.
三、连接代词和连接副词
这类词用来引导名词性从句。连接代词有:that(不充当成分),which,what,who,whose等;连接副词有:when,where,how,why等。
四、关系代词和关系副词
这类词用来引导定语从句。关系代词包括:who,that,which,as,whose,whom等。关系副词包括:when,where,why,how等。关系代词和关系副词起着三重作用:其一,它们连接着主句和从句;其二,它们代表着主句的一个先行词(which和as还可以代表主句中的一个词组或整个句子);其三,它们又在从句中充当成分。
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