夫子庙位于江苏南京市中华门内秦淮河北岸贡院街，是供奉和祭祀孔子的地方。北宋景佑元年(公元1034年)，在此建文宣王庙。
Confucius Temple is located in Gongyuan Street on the North Bank of Qinhuai River in Zhonghua Gate, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province.
It is a place to worship and sacrifice Confucius. In the first year of Jingyou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1034 A.D.), xuanwang temple was built here.
南宋初毁于兵火，绍兴年间重建，为建康府学，同时建科举考场——贡院。府学内有明德堂，堂额原为南宋末午民族英雄文天祥所书，清时山曾国藩改为篆书。
In the early period of the Southern Song Dynasty, it was destroyed by the fire and war. During the period of Shaoxing, it was rebuilt to build the Kangfu school and the imperial examination hall Gongyuan.
There is Mingde hall in the school. The hall was originally written by Wen Tianxiang, a hero of Wu nationality in the late Southern Song Dynasty. Zeng Guofan in the Qing Dynasty was changed to seal script.
元为集庆路学。明初是国子监，后改应天府学。清时为江宁、上元二县的县学。现存建筑是清同治八年(公元1869年)重建。
Yuan is Jiqing road school. At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, it was the Imperial College, and later it was changed to Tianfu school.
In Qing Dynasty, it was the county school of Jiangning and Shangyuan. The existing buildings were rebuilt in 1869.
夫子庙利用秦淮河水为泮池，南岸有照壁，筑堤环抱。有聚星亭、思乐亭、棂星、大成、人成殿、明德堂、尊经阁、崇圣祠、垒星阁等建筑。
The Confucius Temple uses the Qinhuai River as pan pool, with Zhaobi on the south bank, surrounded by dikes.
There are star gathering Pavilion, sileting, Lingxing, Dacheng, Rencheng hall, Mingde hall, Zunjing Pavilion, Chongsheng temple, Leixing Pavilion and other buildings.
六朝时期以迄明清，夫子庙一带均是繁华的地方。解放后，经整理改造，已成为群众的文化活动场所。
From the Six Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the area of Confucius Temple was prosperous. After liberation, it has become a place of cultural activities for the masses.
扩展资料：
主要景点：
1、学宫
学宫位于大成殿后街北，原有“东南第一学”门坊，包括明德堂、尊经阁、青云楼、崇圣祠等古建筑。明德堂是学宫的主体建筑，科举时代秀才每月逢朔望都到这里听训导宣讲。
中国的学宫都称“明伦堂”，而夫子庙的学宫独称“明德堂”，据说是宋代文天祥题写的“明德堂”匾额之故。1986年明德堂维修时又修复了两旁的“志道”、“据德”、“依仁”、“游艺”四斋。
2、大成殿
大成殿是夫子庙的主殿，高16.22米，阔28.1米，深21.7米。殿内正中悬挂一幅全国最大的孔子画像，高6.50米、宽3.15米。
殿内陈设仿制2500年前的编钟、编磬等十五种古代祭孔乐器，定期进行古曲、雅乐演奏，演出反映明人祭孔礼仪的大型明代祭孔乐舞，使观众听到春秋时代的钟鼓之乐、琴瑟之声，展现二千多年前另古乐风貌。
大殿四周是孔子业绩图壁画，形神并具。庙院被两庑碑廊环抱，墙上镶有三十块由赵朴初、林散之、沈鹏、武中奇等著名书法家撰 写的墨宝真迹碑刻。碑廊里陈列着被誉为“中华一绝”的雨花石展览。
参考资料来源：百度百科——南京夫子庙
Nanjing Confucius Temple is located in Gongyuan Street on the north bank of Qinhuai River in Qinhuai District, Nanjing, west of Jiangnan Gongyuan.
It is located in the core area of Qinhuai scenery belt of Confucius Temple, namely Nanjing Confucian Temple, Nanjing Cultural Temple, and Wenxuan Wang Temple. It is the first place to worship Confucius.
The country's highest academic institution, one of China's four major literary temples, the ancient Chinese cultural hub.
And the historical and cultural gathering place of Jinling, is not only the cultural and educational center of Nanjing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but also the cultural and educational building group that ranked first in the Southeast Provinces.
翻译：南京夫子庙位于南京市秦淮区秦淮河北岸贡院街、江南贡院以西，地处夫子庙秦淮风光带核心区，即南京孔庙、南京文庙、文宣王庙，为供奉祭祀孔子之地。
是中国第一所国家最高学府、中国四大文庙之一，中国古代文化枢纽之地、金陵历史人文荟萃之地，不仅是明清时期南京的文教中心，同时也是居东南各省之冠的文教建筑群。
扩展资料：
南京夫子庙始建于宋，位于市中心偏南 ，秦淮河北岸的贡院街旁。是由文教中心演变而成的繁华闹市，人们通常所说的夫子庙，实际包括夫子庙、学宫和贡院三大建筑群。南临秦淮北岸，从文德桥到利涉桥，东起姚家巷，西至四福巷，北邻建康路东段。
今天我们所见的夫子庙建筑，一部分为清末重建，一部分为近年重建。东西坊门所刻｜德配天地｜和｜道贯古今｜为曾国藩手迹。正门叫棂星门，后为大成门。
过大成门到大成殿，是专门祭祝孔子之处，东西有配殿和长廊。往后为崇圣殿，结构高大，过去是历代先贤祠。崇圣殿后为治山。山上有顾亭林饲。山顶上有敬一亭，可远眺钟山雄姿，近俯夫子庙全景。清末所建 江宁府学在夫子庙之东，现大部分建筑已毁。
参考资料来源：人民网-南京：夫子庙
本回答被网友采纳History
The largest and oldest Temple of Confucius is found in Confucius's hometown, present-day Qufu in Shandong Province. It was established in 478 BCE, one year after Confucius's death, at the order of the Duke Ai of the State of Lu, who commanded that the Confucian residence should be used to worship and offer sacrifice to Confucius. The temple was expanded repeatedly over a period of more than 2,000 years until it became the huge complex currently standing.
The development of state temples devoted to the cult of Confucius was an outcome of his gradual canonisation. In 195 BC, Han Gao Zu, founder of the Han Dynasty (r. 206–195 BCE), offered a sacrifice to the spirit of Confucius at his tomb in Qufu. Sacrifices to the spirit of Confucius and that of Yan Hui, his most prominent disciple, began in the Imperial University (Biyong) as early as 241.
In 454, the first state Confucian temple was built by the Liu Song dynasty of south China (420 to 479). In 489, the Northern Wei constructed a Confucian temple in the capital, the first outside of Qufu in the north. In 630, the Tang dynasty decreed that schools in all provinces and counties should have a Confucian temple, as a result of which temples spread throughout China. Well-known Confucian shrines include the Confucian Temple in Xi'an (now the Forest of Steles), the Fuzi Miao in Nanjing, and the Confucian temple in Beijing, first built in 1302.
In addition to Confucian temples associated with the state cult of Confucius, there were also ancestral temples belonging to the Kong lineage, buildings commemorating Confucius's deeds throughout China, and private temples within academies.
Structure
Most Confucianist temples were built in Confucian schools, either to the front of or on one side of the school. The front portal of the temple was called the Lingxing Gate (棂星门). Inside there were normally three courtyards, although sometimes there were only two. However, the complex in Qufu has nine courtyards. The main building, situated in the inner courtyard with entry via the Dachengmen (大成门), was usually known as the Dachengdian (大成殿), variously translated as "Hall of Great Achievement", "Hall of Great Accomplishment", or "Hall of Great Perfection". This hall housed the Confucius Ancestral Tablet and those of other important masters and sages. In front of the Dachengdian was the Apricot Pavilion or Xingtan (杏坛). Another important building was the Shrine of the Great Wise Men (Chongshengci 崇圣祠), which honoured the ancestors of Confucius.
Unlike Daoist or Buddhist temples, Confucian temples do not normally have images. In the early years of the temple in Qufu, it appears that the spirits of Confucius and his disciples were represented with wall paintings and clay or wooden statues. Official temples also contained images of Confucius himself. However, there was opposition to this practice, which was seen as imitative of Buddhist temples. It was also argued and that the point of the imperial temples was to honour Confucius's teachings, not the man himself.
The lack of unity in likenesses in statues of Confucius first led Emperor Taizu of the Ming dynasty to decree that all new Confucian temples should contain only memorial tablets and no images. In 1530, it was decided that all existing images of Confucius should be replaced with memorial tablets in imperial temples in the capital and other bureaucratic locations, a rule still followed today. However, statues remained in temples operated by Confucius's family descendants, such as that in Qufu.
Worship
The state cult of Confucius centred upon offering sacrifices to Confucius's spirit in the Confucian temple.
A dance known as the Eight-Row Dance, consisting of eight columns of eight dancers each, was also performed. Originally this was a Six-Row Dance, as performed for the lesser aristocracy, but in 1477 Confucius was allowed the imperial honour of the eight-row dance since he posthumously received the title of king.
In addition to worshipping Confucius, Confucian temples also honoured the "Four Correlates" (四配), the "Twelve Philosophers" (十二哲), and other disciples and Confucian scholars through history. The composition and number of figures worshipped changed and grew through time. Since temples were a statement of Confucian orthodoxy, the issue of which Confucians to enshrine was a controversial one.
By the Republican period (20th century), there were a total of 162 figures worshipped. The Four Correlates include Yan Hui, Zeng Shen, Kong Ji, and Mencius. The Twelve Philosophers are Min Zijian, Ran Boniu, Zhong Gong, Cai Wo, Zi-gong, Ran You, Zi-Lu, Zi-You, Zi-Xia, Zi-Zhang, You Ruo, and Zhu Xi. A list of disciples of Confucius and their place in the Confucian temple can be found at Disciples of Confucius.
Van Mieu, VietnamConfucian temples outside China
With the spread of Confucian learning throughout East Asia, Confucian temples were also built in Vietnam, Korea, and Japan. Starting in the 18th century, some were even built in Europe and the Americas. At their height, there are estimated to have been over 3,000 Confucian temples in existence.
The earliest recorded Confucian Temple in Vietnam is the Temple of Literature or Van Mieu in Hanoi, established in 1070. After 1397, with the construction of schools throughout Vietnam under the Tran, Confucian temples began to spread throughout the country. Well known Confucian temples were built in Hue, Hoi An, Hai Duong, and An Ninh.
Outside China, the largest number of Confucian temples is found in Korea. Temples were first built during the Goryeo period. In the time of Yi Seonggye, it was decreed that Confucian temples should be built in all areas of the nation. Although Chinese models were followed, variations in layout and construction were common, such as the building of schools in front of temples. Korea also added its own scholars (the eighteen scholars of the East) to the Confucian pantheon.
Historically, Korea had a total of 362 temples devoted to the cult of Confucius. After World War II and the division of the country, those in the north were converted to other uses. However, many of the 232 temples in the south continued their activities. In addition to temples devoted to the cult of Confucius, the Republic of Korea also has twelve Confucian family temples, two temples in private schools, and three libraries.
Confucian temples (孔子庙 kōshi-byō) were also widely built in Japan, often in conjunction with Confucian schools. The most famous is the Yushima Seido, built in 1630 during the Edo period as a private school connected with the Neo-Confucianist scholar Hayashi Razan. Originally built in Shinobi-ga-oka in Ueno, it was later moved to Yushima (Ochanomizu) by the Tokugawa Shogunate and reopened as a school of Confucianism to spread the teachings of the Hayashi school.
Other well known Confucian temples are found in Nagasaki, Bizen (Okayama prefecture), Taku (Saga prefecture), and Naha (Okinawa prefecture).
Confucian temples are also found in Indonesia, where they are often known as "Churches of Confucius" as Confucianism is a recognised religion in that country. The largest and oldest is the Boen Bio in Surabaya, originally built in the city's Chinatown in 1883 and moved to a new site in 1907. There are reportedly more than 100 Confucianist litang (礼堂, halls of worship) throughout Indonesia.
http://www.china.org.cn/english/travel/56688.htm
http://www.njfzm.com/fzmen/fzm.htm
http://www.chinavoc.com/travel/scenery/njfztemple_s.asp?id=h
http://anmd.njau.edu.cn/dispnewscn.php?newsid=24
Nanjing Confucius Temple
Confucius, China's legendary sage, has lost. The advocate of respect, restraint and order is now associated in Nanjingers' minds with one thing--shopping!
Centered around the ancient Confucius Temple (Fuzi Miao), this neighborhood in southern Nanjing is the place to be on weekends and holidays. Clothing shops and restaurants dominate the main streets (closed to vehicular traffic) while street stalls in the alleyways sell stuffed animals, plants, CDs and even more clothes. The daily night market brings these stalls out onto Gongyuan Lu, the main drag between the Confucius Temple and Pingjiang Fu Lu, a lively scene even if most of the goods on sale are simple household items. Try the yuanxiao, jelly-filled dumplings whose round shape and sweet taste symbolize happiness and harmony.
Tourists not interested in bringing a cactus and cheap hangers back home as reminders of their trip to Nanjing can load up on souvenirs at shops clustered closer to the Confucius Temple complex. In addition to the usual selection of jade goodies, teapots and paintings, vendors display yu hua shi, multicolored rocks special to Nanjing. Although some believe the colors come from Chinese blood spilled during the upheavals of Nanjing's tumultuous history that then seeped into the local rock, the more commonly accepted (and nicer) story goes that a Buddhist scholar who preached in the hills of southern Nanjing so moved the gods that they showered flowers down from the heavens in praise. Upon touching the ground, these heavenly flowers transformed into the multicolored pebbles.
With all the garish consumerism on display outside, it's little wonder that the actual Confucius Temple is the quietest place in the neighborhood. The temple was first constructed in 1034 during the Song Dynasty to complement the Jiangnan Examination School (see below), where the imperial examinations were administered. Scholars came to the temple to pray for success and demonstrate their humble respect for Confucius. Burnt down and rebuilt several times, the current structure dates from after World War Two. Its traditional sweeping eaves give the architecture a Ming and Qing flavor.
The temple's most outstanding feature is a beautiful collection of 36 jade panels detailing the Sage's life (551-479 BC)hanging on the walls of the main hall. Based on the famous set of Ming period paintings titled "Pictures of the Sage's Traces," each panel measures about two meters in height and one meter in width. These panels, however, are new, donated by a local company in 1998.
Fuzi Miao is perhaps at its best around the time of the Lantern Festival (fifteen days after the Lunar New Year), when a special exhibit of multi-sized and multi-colored lanterns themed around the twelve animals of the lunar cycle lend a festive air to the temple.
If you think that your long, cramped flight to China was some form of torture, a visit to the Exhibition of the History of the Jiangnan Examination School (Jiangnan Gongyuan), should set your mind at ease. Founded in 1168 (the Song Dynasty), the school was used to administer the rigorous civil service exams used to choose officials during China's imperial age. At the height of its prosperity, the complex contained 20,644 examination cells, each just one square meter in area. Candidates spent a total of nine days in their cell--the wooden desk plank turned into a bed at night--without the freedom to leave. Success was rare as only 200 of the 20,000 candidates passed.
The modern exhibit contains forty examination cells plus a small museum that claims to be the only specialized museum in China dedicated to the imperial examination system. Unfortunately, all the explanations are in Chinese. The exhibit is a short walk east of the Confucius Temple at 1 Jinling Lu.本回答被提问者采纳