动词不定式句式结构

如题所述

1.
不定式定义
:由to+动词原形构成。
  不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。
  2.用途:
  在句中不能作谓语。它具有动词的性质,本身可以带宾语和状语。
动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性
  动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为
逻辑主语,其形式如下:
  主动形式
被动形式
  一般式
(not)
to
make
(not)
to
be
made
  完成式
(not)
to
have
made
(not)
to
have
been
made
  进行式
(not)
to
be
making
  完成进行式
(not)
to
have
been
making
  (
1)语态
  如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如:
  it's
a
great
honour
to
be
invited
to
mary's
birthday
party.(不定式作主语)
  it
was
impossible
for
lost
time
to
be
made
up.(不定式作主语)
  i
wish
to
be
sent
to
work
in
the
country.(不定式作宾语)
  can
you
tell
me
which
is
the
car
to
be
repaired?(不定式作定语)
  he
went
to
the
hospital
to
be
examined.(不定式作状语)
  在there
be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。如:there
are
still
many
things
to
t
ake
care
of
(to
be
taken
care
of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:these
is
nothing
to
do
now.(
we
have
nothing
to
do
now.)
there
is
nothing
to
be
done
now.(we
can
do
nothing
now.)
  
(2)时态
  1)
现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
  he
seems
to
know
this.
  i
hope
to
see
you
again.
=
i
hope
that
i'll
see
you
again. 我希望再见到你。
  2)
完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
  i'm
sorry
to
have
given
you
so
much
trouble.
  he
seems
to
have
caught
a
cold.
  3)
进行时:
表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
  he
seems
to
be
eating
something.
  4)
完成进行时:
  she
is
known
to
have
been
wreaking
on
the
problem
for
many
years.
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考
第1个回答  2019-05-20
to
do
sth.是动词不定式,这也是一般结构。而to
ding
sth.一般是不存在的;只是在一些特殊句式上有应用不是很普遍。