第1个回答 2006-11-03
欧洲简史
A BRIEF HISTORY OF EUROPE
我们所知的历史永远是带有偏见的，因为研究人类的是别的人类，而不是另一个具有独立观察能力的物种。
History, as we know, is always bias because human beings have to be studied by other human beings not by independent observers of another species.
在中世纪的时候，所有人都是中年人。教会和国家互相合作，中世纪社会由僧人、贵族和农奴组成。
During the Middle Ages, everybody was middle-aged. Church and state were co-operatic. Middle Evil society was made up of monks, lords and surfs.
在商业慢慢渗透进欧洲后，商人出现了。他们从一个镇游荡到另一个镇，暴露自己，并在乡村组织大型集会。中世纪的人很凶暴，杀人算不了什么，每个人都杀过人。
After a revival of infantile commerce slowly creeped into Europe merchants appeared. They roamed from town to town exposing
themselves and organizing big fairies in the countryside. Mideval people were violent. Murder during this period was nothing.
Everybody killed someone.
英国为了争地，在法国打了很多仗，结果有赢有输。十字军是一系列由基督徒组织的军事征战，目的是从伊斯兰教徒那里将圣地（也就是基督的老家）解放出来。
England fought numerously for land in France and ended up winning and losing. The Crusades were a series of military expaditions made by Christians seeking to free the holy land (the "Home Town" of Christ) from the Islams.
最终，欧洲得了黑死病。这种淋巴腺鼠疫是一种社会疾病，因为它通过性交及其他方式来传播，由带菌的老鼠从一个港口传到另一个港口。这场瘟疫还催生了英语，使之成为英国、法国和意大利的官方语言。
Finally, Europe caught the Black Death. The bubonic plague is a social disease in the sense that it can be transmitted by
intercourse and other etceteras. It was spread from port to port by inflected rats. The plague also helped the emergance of the
English language as the national language of England, France and Italy.
中世纪戛然而止，文艺复兴如晴天霹雳而降。生活充满了欢乐，意大利茁壮成长，更多的人感受到他们人类的价值。
The Middle Ages slimpared to a halt. The renasence bolted in from the blue. Life reeked with joy. Italy became robust, and more
individuals felt the value of their human being.
人下决心使自己和他的兄弟们文明起来，即便那意味着人头落地！受教育变得时髦，欧洲建满了令人难以置信的教堂，伟大艺术从那里喷薄而出，文艺复兴的商人非常美丽，而且很像是人。
Man was determined to civilise himself and his brothers, even if heads had to roll! It became sheik to be educated. Europe was
full of incredable churches with great art bulging out their doors. Renaissance merchants were beautiful and almost lifelike.
当德国贵族反感头衔全归于法国教会以及教皇，从而养肥了天主教，改革运动由此兴起。怒火中烧的马丁·路德把95个神学人员钉到教堂门上。在神学方面，路德从事转向变异。加尔文主义是自古以来最方便的宗教。
The Reformation happened when German nobles resented the idea that tithes were going to Papal France or the Pope thus enriching Catholic coiffures. An angry Martin Luther nailed 95 theocrats to a church door. Theologically, Luthar was into reorientation mutation. Calvinism was the most convenient religion since the days of the ancients.
当然，教皇依然是天主教。僧人把自己看成蠕虫。最后一个耶稣会会士死于19世纪。
The Popes, of course, were usually Catholic. Monks went right on seeing themselves as worms. The last Jesuit priest died in the
19th century.
改革运动后，国内外的战争风起云涌。路易十四成为太阳国王，他把食物和弹药给予人民。如果他不喜欢谁，他便把那人一辈子送上绞架。
After the refirmation were wars both foreign and infernal. Louis XIV became King of the Sun. He gave the people food and
artillery. If he didn't like someone, he sent them to the gallows to row for the rest of their lives.
启蒙运动是一个理性的时期。伏尔泰写了一本叫做《糖果》（注：即《老实人》Candide）的书，费德里克大帝给他找了很多麻烦。哲学家还默默无闻，最关键的问题是宗教的容忍稍稍跟失败主义混淆了。
The enlightenment was a reasonable time. Voltaire wrote a book called Candy that got him into trouble with Frederick the Great.
Philosophers were unknown yet and the fundamental stake was one of religious toleration slightly confused with defeatism.
法国革命在发生前就已经完成了，革命经历了君主、共和、专制等阶段，直到一举进到拿破仑。
The French revolution was accomplished before it happened. The revolution evolved through monarchial, republican and tolarian
phases until it catapulted into Napolean.
英国、美国及其他欧洲国家有民主倾向，中产阶级很疲倦，需要休息。旧秩序能看到，被压制的新思想在沸腾。宪章运动的目标是全民选举和屁股国会，选举一定要用选票来进行。
Great Brittian, the USA and other European countrys had demicratic leanings. The middle class was tired and needed a
rest. The old order could see the lid holding down new ideas beginning to shake. Among the goals of the chartists were
universal suferage and an anal parliament. Voting was to be done by ballad.
一个全新的全国统一时区拔地而起。民族主义帮助了意大利，因为它是军队的发展。这里还有新的德国，很大声、很大胆、很粗俗，充满现实。
A new time zone of national unification roared over the horizon. Nationalism aided Itally because nationalism is the growth of an
army. Here, too, was the new Germany; Loud, bold, vulgar and full of reality.
文化在欧洲不断上升。瓦格纳是音乐大师，人民没有忘记他们自己的艺术家。法国产生了契柯夫。
Culture fomented from Europe's tip to its top. Wagner was master of music and people did not forget their own artists. France had
Chekov.
第一次世界大战爆发于1912－1914年，德国在法国的一面，俄国在另一面。战争中，人民被杀戮，然后就没有剩下人了，只有朋友。凡尔赛宣布和平，英国首相乔治·洛德参加了仪式。威尔逊总统和14条猎犬同时驾到。
World War I broke out around 1912-1914. German was on one side of France and Russia was on the other. At war people get killed and then they aren't people anymore but friends. Peace was proclaimed at Versigh, which was attended by George Loid, Primal Minister of England. President Wilson arrived with 14 pointers.
1937年，列宁在俄国造反。共产主义在农民中激荡，内战的“球队颜色”是红色和白色。
In 1937 Lenin revolted Russia. Communism raged among the peasants and the civil war "team colors" were red and white.
一战后德国被取代。这导致了希特勒的兴起。德国病态地兴奋，并失去平衡。柏林成为颓废之都，形形色色的性变态行为都在发生。一个巨大的反犹太运动出现了。
Germany was displaced after WWI. This gave rise to Hitler. Germany was morbidly overexcited and unbalanced. Berlin became
the decadent capital, where all sorts of sexual deprivations were practised. A huge anti-Semantic movement arose.
德国侵占了波兰，法国侵占了比利时，俄国侵占了所有人。当一颗核子爆炸在广岛后，战争猝然中止。 一代人被消灭…… 他们凄惨的家庭只得重新拾起和平（是pieces的误写）。
Germany invaded Poland, France invaded Belgium and Russia invaded everybody. War screeched to an end when a nukuleer explosion was dropped on Heroshima. A whole generation had been wipe out...and their forlorne families were left to pick up the peaces.
根据弗罗姆的观点，个人历史始于中世纪，那是一个孩童的时代。进入青少年后，经验越来越多。最后一个阶段就是我们。
According to Fromm. individuation began historically in medieval times. This was a period of small childhood. There is increasing
experience as adolesecence experiences its life development. The last stage is us.