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â¢è¦æ³¨æååºæéè¦æ¡ä»¶ï¼å¦éè¦å çï¼ä½¿ç¨å¬ååçåéå¨çå·ä¸è¾¹ååºãå¦éè¦ä¸¤ä¸ªä»¥ä¸æ¡ä»¶æ¶ï¼ä¸è¬æå çæ¡ä»¶åå¨çå·ä¸è¾¹ï¼æç¨Î表示ï¼
â£æ³¨æçæç©ç¶æï¼ç¨âââ表示ææ°ä½çæï¼ååºç©ä¸ä¸å«æ°ä½ï¼ï¼âââ表示æé¾æº¶ç©äº§çææåºä½çæï¼ååºç©ä¸ä¸å«åºä½ï¼ã
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Aãæ¾åºåå个æ°è¾å¤ï¼ä¸å¨ååºå¼ä¸¤è¾¹æ¯ä¸åä¸åçååï¼æ±å®çæå°å
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Bãæ¨åºåååçç³»æ°ã
ä¾å¦:
ç¡«é
¸é+氢氧åé â氢氧åé+ç¡«é
¸é
(CuSO_4) (NaOH) [Cu(OH)_2] (Na_2SO_4)
_æ°å 为ååæ° æ°åå¨åæ¯å³ä¸è§
2ãè§å¯æ³
ä»åå¦å¼è¾å¤æçä¸ç§çæç©æ¨ç®æå
³åååºç©åå¦å¼çåå¦è®¡éæ°å该çæç©çåå¦è®¡éæ°ï¼æ ¹æ®æ±å¾çåå¦å¼çåå¦è®¡éæ°ï¼åæ¾åºå
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å¹³ã
ä¾å¦: 第ä¸æ¥ H20(g)+Feââ Fe3O4+H2
第äºæ¥ 4H20(g)+3Feââ Fe3O4+H2
第ä¸æ¥ 4H20(g)+3Fe= Fe3O4+4H2 (ååºæ¡ä»¶ä¸ºé«æ¸©ï¼
3ãå¥å¶é
å¹³æ³
çåªç§å
ç´ å¨ååºåå¦æ¹ç¨å¼å·¦å³ä¸¤è¾¹åºç°æ¬¡æ°æå¤ï¼ä»è¯¥å
ç´ ä¸ªæ°ä¸ºå¥æ°çåå¦å¼å
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æå¶æ°ï¼å³åå¦è®¡éæ°ä¸º2ï¼ï¼ç±å®æ±å¾çåå¦è®¡éæ°é
å¹³å
¶ä»åå¦å¼çåå¦è®¡éæ°ï¼ä½¿ä¸¤è¾¹åå个æ°ç¸çã
ä¾å¦:
第ä¸æ¥ C2H2+O2ââCO2+H2O
第äºæ¥ C2H2+O2ââCO2+2H2O
第ä¸æ¥ 2C2H2+O2ââ4CO2+2H2O
第åæ¥ 2C2H2+5O2ââ4CO2+2H2O ï¼ååºæ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç¹çï¼
4ãå¾
å®åå¦è®¡éæ°æ³
以ä¸åçæªç¥æ°ä»£è¡¨åå¦æ¹ç¨å¼ä¸ååå¦å¼çåå¦è®¡éæ°ï¼æ ¹æ®è´¨éå®æå®å¾ï¼ååºåååååçç§ç±»ä¸åãåååçæ°ç®ç¸çï¼ååºæ°å¦æ¹ç¨ç»ï¼è§£æ¹ç¨ç»ï¼å¹¶ä»¤å
¶ä¸ä»»ä¸æªç¥æ°ä¸º1ï¼æ±åºå
¶ä»æªç¥æ°çå¼ï¼æåå°æªç¥æ°çæ°å¼ä»£å
¥ååå¦æ¹ç¨å¼ã
ä¾å¦ï¼NH3+Cl2ââNH4Cl+N2
设åç©è´¨çåå¦è®¡éæ°ä¾æ¬¡ä¸ºaãbãcãdã
aNH3+bCl2ââcNH4Cl+dN2
åæ¹ç¨ç» a=c+2d ï¼æ»¡è¶³æ°®ååæ°ç¸çï¼
3a=4c ï¼æ»¡è¶³æ°¢ååæ°ç¸çï¼
2b=c ï¼æ»¡è¶³æ°¯ååæ°ç¸çï¼
令b=1ï¼è§£å¾ï¼a=8/3,c=2,d=1/3
8NH3+3Cl2=6NH4Cl+N2
5 ãååä»·æ³
1ãæä¸ç¥éçååç©(å¦FeC3)çå
ç´ çæ0ä»·,åæ ¹æ®ä»¥ä¸çæ¹æ³é
å¹³
2ãå
æ åºä¸ªå
ç´ çååä»·ï¼ç¶åæ¾å°åéååä»·çå
ç´ ï¼ç¶åæ¾åé«ååä»·çæ»æ°åéä½ååå°çæ»æ°ï¼æ±åºæå°å
¬åæ°ï¼è¿è¡é
å¹³ã
[ç¼è¾æ¬æ®µ]è§å¾æ»ç»
åä¸åå¦æ¹ç¨å¼æ»ç»
1ï¼ ç©è´¨ä¸æ°§æ°çååºï¼
ï¼1ï¼åè´¨ä¸æ°§æ°çååºï¼
1. éå¨æ°§æ°ä¸çç§ï¼2Mg + O2 =ç¹ç=2MgO
2. éå¨æ°§æ°ä¸çç§ï¼3Fe + 2O2 =ç¹ç= Fe3O4
3. éå¨æ°§æ°ä¸åçï¼2Cu + O2 =å ç= 2CuO
4. éå¨ç©ºæ°ä¸çç§ï¼4Al + 3O2 =ç¹ç=2Al2O3
5. æ°¢æ°å¨æ°§æ°ä¸çç§ï¼2H2 + O2 =ç¹ç=2H2O
6. 红磷å¨ç©ºæ°ä¸çç§ï¼4P + 5O2 =ç¹ç=2P2O5
7. ç¡«ç²å¨æ°§æ°ä¸çç§ï¼ S + O2 =ç¹ç= SO2
8. 碳å¨æ°§æ°ä¸å
åçç§ï¼C + O2 =ç¹ç=CO2
9. 碳å¨æ°§æ°ä¸ä¸å
åçç§ï¼2C + O2 =ç¹ç=2CO
10.æ±ï¼æ°´é¶ï¼å¨æ°§æ°ä¸çç§ï¼2Hg+O2=ç¹ç=2HgO
ï¼2ï¼ååç©ä¸æ°§æ°çååºï¼
11. ä¸æ°§å碳å¨æ°§æ°ä¸çç§ï¼2CO + O2=ç¹ç=2CO2
12. ç²ç·å¨ç©ºæ°ä¸çç§ï¼CH4 + 2O2=ç¹ç=CO2 + 2H2O
13. é
ç²¾å¨ç©ºæ°ä¸çç§ï¼C2H5OH + 3O2 =ç¹ç= 2CO2 + 3H2O
14.ä¹çå¨æ°§æ°ä¸çç§ï¼2C2H2+5O2=ç¹ç=4CO2+2H2O ï¼æ°§çç°ï¼
2ï¼å 个å解ååºï¼
15. è¿æ°§åæ°¢å¬åå¶æ°§æ°ï¼2H2O2=(MnO2å¬å)=2H2O+O2 â
16. æ°´å¨ç´æµçµçä½ç¨ä¸å解ï¼2H2O =éçµ=2H2â+ O2 â
17. å ç碱å¼ç¢³é
¸éï¼Cu2(OH)2CO3 =å ç= 2CuO + H2O + CO2â
18. å çæ°¯é
¸é¾=ï¼æå°éçäºæ°§åé°ï¼ãå ç=ï¼2KClO3=2KCl + 3O2 â
19. å çé«é°é
¸é¾ï¼2KMnO4 =å ç=K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2â
20. 碳é
¸ä¸ç¨³å®èå解ï¼H2CO3 = H2O + CO2â
21. é«æ¸©ç
ç§ç³ç°ç³ï¼CaCO3 =é«æ¸©=CaO + CO2â
3ï¼å 个氧åè¿åååºï¼
22. æ°¢æ°è¿åæ°§åéï¼H2 + CuO=å ç=Cu + H2O
23. æ¨çè¿åæ°§åéï¼C+ 2CuO=é«æ¸©=2Cu + CO2â
24. ç¦çè¿åæ°§åéï¼3C+ 2Fe2O3=é«æ¸©=4Fe + 3CO2â
25. ç¦çè¿ååæ°§åä¸éï¼2C+ Fe3O4=é«æ¸©=3Fe + 2CO2â
26. ä¸æ°§å碳è¿åæ°§åéï¼CO+ CuO=å ç=Cu + CO2
27. ä¸æ°§å碳è¿åæ°§åéï¼3CO+ Fe2O3=é«æ¸©=2Fe + 3CO2
28. ä¸æ°§å碳è¿ååæ°§åä¸éï¼4CO+ Fe3O4=é«æ¸©=3Fe + 4CO2
4ï¼åè´¨ãæ°§åç©ãé
¸ã碱ãççç¸äºå
³ç³»
ï¼1ï¼éå±åè´¨ + é
¸ -------- ç + æ°¢æ° ï¼ç½®æ¢ååºï¼
29. éåç¨ç¡«é
¸Zn + H2SO4 = ZnSO4 + H2â
30. éåç¨ç¡«é
¸Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2â
31. éåç¨ç¡«é
¸Mg + H2SO4 = MgSO4 + H2â
32. éåç¨ç¡«é
¸2Al +3H2SO4 = Al2(SO4)3 +3H2â
33. éåç¨çé
¸Zn + 2HCl === ZnCl2 + H2â
34. éåç¨çé
¸Fe + 2HCl === FeCl2 + H2â
35. éåç¨çé
¸Mg+ 2HCl === MgCl2 + H2â
36. éåç¨çé
¸2Al + 6HCl == 2AlCl3 + 3H2â
è¡¥å
å
¶ä»ä¸äºç©è´¨ä¸ç¨çé
¸çååºï¼
碳é
¸éåç¨çé
¸Caco3+2HCI=Cacl2+H2O+CO2â
æ°§åéåç¨çé
¸CuO+HCI=Cucl2+H2O
ç¡é
¸é¶åç¨çé
¸AgNO3+HCI=AgCIâ+HNO3
ï¼2ï¼éå±åè´¨ + çï¼æº¶æ¶²ï¼ ------- å¦ä¸ç§éå± + å¦ä¸ç§ç
37. éåç¡«é
¸é溶液ååºï¼Fe + CuSO4 = FeSO4 + Cu
38. éåç¡«é
¸é溶液ååºï¼Zn + CuSO4 = ZnSO4 + Cu
39. éåç¡é
¸æ±æº¶æ¶²ååºï¼Cu + Hg(NO3)2 = Cu(NO3)2 + Hg
40. éåç¡é
¸é¶æº¶æ¶²ååºï¼Cu + 2AgNO3 = Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
ï¼3ï¼ç¢±æ§æ°§åç© +é
¸ -------- ç + æ°´
41. æ°§åéåç¨çé
¸ååºï¼Fe2O3 + 6HCl = 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
42. æ°§åéåç¨ç¡«é
¸ååºï¼Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 =Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
43. æ°§åéåç¨çé
¸ååºï¼CuO + 2HCl = CuCl2 + H2O
44. æ°§åéåç¨ç¡«é
¸ååºï¼CuO + H2SO4 = CuSO4 + H2O
45. æ°§åéåç¨ç¡«é
¸ååºï¼MgO + H2SO4 = MgSO4 + H2O
46. æ°§åéåç¨çé
¸ååºï¼CaO + 2HCl = CaCl2 + H2O
(4) é
¸æ§æ°§åç© +碱 -------- ç + æ°´
47.èæ§é æ´é²å¨ç©ºæ°ä¸åè´¨ï¼2NaOH + CO2 = Na2CO3 + H2O
47.èæ§é å¸æ¶äºæ°§åç¡«æ°ä½ï¼2NaOH + SO2 = Na2SO3 + H2O
49.氢氧åé å¸æ¶ä¸æ°§åç¡«æ°ä½ï¼2NaOH + SO3 = Na2SO4 + H2O
50.çç³ç°æ¾å¨ç©ºæ°ä¸åè´¨ï¼Ca(OH)2 + CO2 = CaCO3 â+ H2O
51.çç³ç°å¸æ¶äºæ°§åç¡«ï¼Ca(OH)2 + SO2 = CaSO3 â+ H2O
ï¼5ï¼é
¸ + 碱 -------- ç + æ°´
52.çé
¸åç§ç¢±èµ·ååºï¼HCl + NaOH ==== NaCl +H2O
53.çé
¸å氢氧åé¾ååºï¼HCl + KOH ==== KCl +H2O
54.çé
¸å氢氧åéååºï¼2HCl + Cu(OH)2 ==== CuCl2 + 2H2O
55.çé
¸å氢氧åéååºï¼2HCl + Ca(OH)2 ==== CaCl2 + 2H2O
56.çé
¸å氢氧åéååºï¼3HCl + Fe(OH)3 ==== FeCl3 + 3H2O
57.氢氧åéè¯ç©æ²»çèé
¸è¿å¤ï¼3HCl + Al(OH)3 ==== AlCl3 + 3H2O
58.ç¡«é
¸åç§ç¢±ååºï¼H2SO4 + 2NaOH ==== Na2SO4 + 2H2O
59.ç¡«é
¸å氢氧åé¾ååºï¼H2SO4 + 2KOH ==== K2SO4 + 2H2O
60.ç¡«é
¸å氢氧åéååºï¼H2SO4 + Cu(OH)2 ==== CuSO4 + 2H2O
61.ç¡«é
¸å氢氧åéååºï¼3H2SO4 + 2Fe(OH)3==== Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O
62.ç¡é
¸åç§ç¢±ååºï¼HNO3+ NaOH ==== NaNO3 +H2O
ï¼6ï¼é
¸ + ç -------- å¦ä¸ç§é
¸ + å¦ä¸ç§ç
63.碳é
¸éä¸ç¨çé
¸ååºï¼CaCO3 + 2HCl === CaCl2 + H2O + CO2â
64.碳é
¸é ä¸ç¨çé
¸ååº: Na2CO3 + 2HCl === 2NaCl + H2O + CO2â
65.碳é
¸éä¸ç¨çé
¸ååº: MgCO3 + 2HCl === MgCl2 + H2O + CO2â
66.çé
¸åç¡é
¸é¶æº¶æ¶²ååºï¼HCl + AgNO3 === AgClâ + HNO3
67.ç¡«é
¸å碳é
¸é ååºï¼Na2CO3 + H2SO4 === Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2â
68.ç¡«é
¸åæ°¯åé¡æº¶æ¶²ååºï¼H2SO4 + BaCl2 ==== BaSO4 â+ 2HCl
69.ç¡«é
¸åç¡é
¸é¡æº¶æ¶²ååºï¼H2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2=== BaSO4 â+ 2HNO3
(7ï¼ç¢± + ç -------- å¦ä¸ç§ç¢± + å¦ä¸ç§ç
70.氢氧åé ä¸ç¡«é
¸éï¼2NaOH + CuSO4 ==== Cu(OH)2â + Na2SO4
71.氢氧åé ä¸æ°¯åéï¼3NaOH + FeCl3 ==== Fe(OH)3â + 3NaCl
72.氢氧åé ä¸æ°¯åéï¼2NaOH + MgCl2 ==== Mg(OH)2â + 2NaCl
73.氢氧åé ä¸æ°¯åéï¼2NaOH + CuCl2 ==== Cu(OH)2â + 2NaCl
74.氢氧åéä¸ç¢³é
¸é ï¼Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 === CaCO3â+ 2NaOH
( 8ï¼ç + ç ----- 两ç§æ°ç
75.æ°¯åé 溶液åç¡é
¸é¶æº¶æ¶²ï¼NaCl + AgNO3 ==== AgClâ + NaNO3
76.ç¡«é
¸é åæ°¯åé¡ï¼Na2SO4 + BaCl2 ==== BaSO4â + 2NaCl
5ï¼å
¶å®ååºï¼
77.äºæ°§å碳溶解äºæ°´ï¼CO2 + H2O === H2CO3
78.çç³ç°æº¶äºæ°´ï¼CaO + H2O === Ca(OH)2
79.æ°§åé 溶äºæ°´ï¼Na2O + H2O ==== 2NaOH
80.ä¸æ°§å硫溶äºæ°´ï¼SO3 + H2O ==== H2SO4
81.ç¡«é
¸éæ¶ä½åçå解ï¼CuSO4·5H2O å ç CuSO4 + 5H2O
82.æ æ°´ç¡«é
¸éä½å¹²ç¥åï¼CuSO4 + 5H2O ==== CuSO4·5H2O
6.åå¦é»éä¸è§ï¼(å¯ä»¥äºç¸è½¬åï¼
1.碳ä¸è§ï¼C CO CO2 æ¹ç¨å¼ï¼C + O2 =ç¹ç=CO2 ï¼2C + O2 =é«æ¸©=2CO ï¼2CO + O2=ç¹ç=2CO2
2 æ°§ä¸è§
3.éä¸è§ï¼CaCO3ï¼CaOï¼Caï¼OHï¼2
CaCO3=é«æ¸©=CaO+CO2â CaO+H2O=Caï¼OHï¼2 Caï¼OHï¼2+CO2=CaCO3â+H2O
é«ä¸åå¦æ¹ç¨å¼æ»ç»
1ãééå±åè´¨ï¼F2 ï¼Cl2 , O2 , S, N2 , P , C , Siï¼
1, æ°§åæ§ï¼
F2 + H2 === 2HF
F2 +Xe(è¿é)===XeF2 ï¼å®¤æ¸©ãç´«å¤çº¿ç
§å°ï¼
2F2ï¼è¿éï¼+Xe===XeF4 ï¼400âï¼
3F2+Xeï¼é«åï¼XeF6
nF2 +2M===2MFn (表示大é¨åéå±)
2F2 +2H2O===4HF+O2
2F2 +2NaOH===2NaF+OF2 +H2O
F2 +2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2
F2 +2NaBr===2NaF+Br2
F2+2NaI ===2NaF+I2
F2 +Cl2 (çä½ç§¯)===2ClF
3F2 (è¿é)+Cl2===2ClF3
7F2(è¿é)+I2 ===2IF7
Cl2 +H2 ===2HCl (ç¹ç)
3Cl2 +2P===2PCl3
Cl2 +PCl3 ===PCl5
Cl2 +2Na===2NaCl
3Cl2 +2Fe===2FeCl3
Cl2 +2FeCl2 ===2FeCl3
Cl2+Cu===CuCl2
2Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2
Cl2 +2NaI ===2NaCl+I2
5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl
Cl2 +Na2S===2NaCl+S
Cl2 +H2S===2HCl+S
Cl2+SO2 +2H2O===H2SO4 +2HCl
Cl2 +H2O2 ===2HCl+O2
2O2 +3Fe===Fe3O4
O2+K===KO2
O2+2Kï¼K2O2ï¼çç§ï¼
S+H2===H2S ï¼å çï¼
2S+C===CS2 ï¼å çï¼
S+Fe===FeS ï¼å çï¼
S+2Cu===Cu2S ï¼å çï¼
3S+2Al===Al2S3
S+Zn===ZnS ï¼ç¹çï¼
N2+3H2===2NH3
N2+3Mg===Mg3N2 ï¼ç¹çï¼
N2+3Ca===Ca3N2
N2+3Ba===Ba3N2
N2+6Na===2Na3N
N2+6K===2K3N
N2+6Rb===2Rb3N
P2+6H2===4PH3
P+3Na===Na3P
2P+3Zn===Zn3P2
2ï¼è¿åæ§
S+O2===SO2 ï¼ç¹çï¼
S+6HNO3(æµ)===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O
3S+4 HNO3(ç¨)===3SO2+4NO+2H2O
N2+O2===2NO
4P+5O2===P4O10(常åæP2O5)
2P+3X2===2PX3 ï¼X表示F2ï¼Cl2ï¼Br2ï¼
PX3+X2===PX5
P4+20HNO3(æµ)===4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2O
C+2F2===CF4
C+2Cl2===CCl4
2C+O2(å°é)===2CO
C+O2(足é)===CO2
C+CO2===2CO
C+H2O===CO+H2(çææ°´ç
¤æ°)
2C+SiO2===Si+2CO(å¶å¾ç²ç¡
)
Si(ç²)+2Cl===SiCl4
(SiCl4+2H2===Si(纯)+4HCl)
Si(ç²)+O2===SiO2
Si+C===SiC(éåç )
Si+2NaOH+H2O===Na2SiO3+2H2
3ï¼ï¼ç¢±ä¸ï¼æ§å
Cl2+H2O===HCl+HClO
ï¼å é
¸æå¶æ§åï¼å 碱æå
ç
§ä¿è¿æ§åï¼
Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O
2Cl2+2Caï¼OHï¼2===CaCl2+Caï¼ClOï¼2+2H2O
3Cl2+6KOHï¼çï¼æµï¼===5KCl+KClO3+3H2O
3S+6NaOH===2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O
4P+3KOHï¼æµï¼+3H2O===PH3+3KH2PO2
11P+15CuSO4+24H2O===5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO4
3C+CaO===CaC2+CO
3C+SiO2===SiC+2CO
2ãéå±åè´¨ï¼Naï¼Mgï¼Alï¼Feï¼çè¿åæ§
2Na+H2===2NaH
4Na+O2===2Na2O
2Na2O+O2===2Na2O2
2Na+O2===Na2O2
2Na+S===Na2Sï¼çç¸ï¼
2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2
2Na+2NH3===2NaNH2+H2
4Na+TiCl4ï¼çèï¼===4NaCl+Ti
Mg+Cl2===MgCl2
Mg+Br2===MgBr2
2Mg+O2===2MgO
Mg+S===MgS
Mg+2H2O===Mgï¼OHï¼2+H2
2Mg+TiCl4ï¼çèï¼===Ti+2MgCl2
Mg+2RbCl===MgCl2+2Rb
2Mg+CO2===2MgO+C
2Mg+SiO2===2MgO+Si
Mg+H2S===MgS+H2
Mg+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2
2Al+3Cl2===2AlCl3
4Al+3O2===2Al2O3ï¼éåï¼
4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O===2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hg
4Al+3MnO2===2Al2O3+3Mn
2Al+Cr2O3===Al2O3+2Cr
2Al+Fe2O3===Al2O3+2Fe
2Al+3FeO===Al2O3+3Fe
8Al+3Fe3O4===4Al2O3+9Fe
2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2
2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2
2Al+6H2SO4(æµ)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O
(Al,Feå¨å·,æµçH2SO4,HNO3ä¸éå)
Al+4HNO(ç¨)===Al(NO3)3+NO+2H2O
2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2
2Fe+3Br2===2FeBr3
Fe+I2===FeI2
Fe+S===FeS
3Fe+4H2O(g)===Fe3O4+4H2
Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2
Fe+CuCl2===FeCl2+Cu
Fe+SnCl4===FeCl2+SnCl2
(éå¨é
¸æ§ç¯å¢ä¸,ä¸è½æåæ°¯åé¡å®å
¨
è¿å为åè´¨é¡ Fe+SnCl2==FeCl2+Sn)
3ã ééå±æ°¢åç©(HF,HCl,H2O,H2S,NH3)
1,è¿åæ§:
4HCl(æµ)+MnO2===MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O
4HCl(g)+O2===2Cl2+2H2O
16HCl+2KMnO4===2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O
14HCl+K2Cr2O7===2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2O
2H2O+2F2===4HF+O2
2H2S+3O2(足é)===2SO2+2H2O
2H2S+O2(å°é)===2S+2H2O
2H2S+SO2===3S+2H2O
H2S+H2SO4(æµ)===S+SO2+2H2O
3H2S+2HNO(ç¨)===3S+2NO+4H2O
5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O
3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4===Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S+7H2O
2 é«ä¸åå¦æ¹ç¨å¼å°ç»ï¼ä»
ä¾åèï¼
H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O===Na2SO4+6NaOH
2NH3+3CuO===3Cu+N2+3H2O
2NH3+3Cl2===N2+6HCl
8NH3+3Cl2===N2+6NH4Cl
4NH3+3O2(纯氧)===2N2+6H2O
4NH3+5O2===4NO+6H2O
4NH3+6NO===5N2+6HO(ç¨æ°¨æ¸
é¤NO)
NaH+H2O===NaOH+H2
4NaH+TiCl4===Ti+4NaCl+2H2
CaH2+2H2O===Ca(OH)2+2H2
2,é
¸æ§:
4HF+SiO2===SiF4+2H2O
ï¼æ¤ååºå¹¿æ³åºç¨äºæµå®ç¿æ ·æé¢æ ·ä¸SiO2çå«éï¼
2HF+CaCl2===CaF2+2HCl
H2S+Fe===FeS+H2
H2S+CuCl2===CuS+2HCl
H2S+2AgNO3===Ag2S+2HNO3
H2S+HgCl2===HgS+2HCl
H2S+Pb(NO3)2===PbS+2HNO3
H2S+FeCl2=== FeS+2HClâ
2NH3+2Na==2NaNH2+H2
(NaNH2+H2O===NaOH+NH3)
3ï¼ç¢±æ§ï¼
NH3+HCl===NH4Cl
NH3+HNO3===NH4NO3
2NH3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4
NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2===NaHCO3â+NH4Cl
ï¼æ¤ååºç¨äºå·¥ä¸å¶å¤å°èæï¼èæï¼
4ï¼ä¸ç¨³å®æ§ï¼
2HF===H2+F2
2HCl===H2+Cl2
2H2O===2H2+O2
2H2O2===2H2O+O2
H2S===H2+S
2NH3===N2+3H2
4ãééå±æ°§åç©
1ï¼ä½ä»·æçè¿åæ§ï¼
2SO2+O2===2SO3
2SO2+O2+2H2O===2H2SO4
ï¼è¿æ¯SO2å¨å¤§æ°ä¸ç¼æ
¢åççç¯å¢åå¦ååºï¼
SO2+Cl2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl
SO2+Br2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HBr
SO2+I2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HI
SO2+NO2===SO3+NO
2NO+O2===2NO2
NO+NO2+2NaOH===2NaNO2
ï¼ç¨äºå¶ç¡é
¸å·¥ä¸ä¸å¸æ¶å°¾æ°ä¸çNOåNO2ï¼
2CO+O2===2CO2
CO+CuO===Cu+CO2
3CO+Fe2O3===2Fe+3CO2
CO+H2O===CO2+H2
2ï¼æ°§åæ§ï¼
SO2+2H2S===3S+2H2O
SO3+2KI===K2SO3+I2
NO2+2KI+H2O===NO+I2+2KOH
ï¼ä¸è½ç¨æ·ç²KI溶液é´å«æº´è¸æ°åNO2ï¼
4NO2+H2S===4NO+SO3+H2O
2NO2+Cu===4CuO+N2
CO2+2Mg===2MgO+C
(CO2ä¸è½ç¨äºæçç±Mg,Ca,Ba,Na,Kççç§çç«ç¾)
SiO2+2H2===Si+2H2O
SiO2+2Mg===2MgO+Si
3,ä¸æ°´çä½ç¨:
SO2+H2O===H2SO3
SO3+H2O===H2SO4
3NO2+H2O===2HNO3+NO â
N2O5+H2O===2HNO3
P2O5+H2O===2HPO3
P2O5+3H2O===2H3PO4
(P2O5ææå¸æ°´,å¯ä½æ°ä½å¹²ç¥å)
P2O5+3H2SO4(æµ)===2H3PO4+3SO3
CO2+H2O===H2CO3
4,ä¸ç¢±æ§ç©è´¨çä½ç¨:
SO2+2NH3+H2O===(NH4)2SO3
SO2+(NH4)2SO3+H2O===2NH4HSO3
(è¿æ¯ç¡«é
¸ååæ¶SO2çååº.å
ç¨æ°¨æ°´å¸æ¶SO2,
åç¨H2SO4å¤ç: 2NH4HSO3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4+2H2O+2SO2
çæçç¡«é
¸éµä½åè¥,SO2循ç¯ä½åææ°)
SO2+Ca(OH)2===CaSO3+H2O
(ä¸è½ç¨æ¾æ¸
ç³ç°æ°´é´å«SO2åCO2.å¯ç¨å红é´å«)
SO3+MgO===MgSO4
SO3+Ca(OH)2===CaSO4+H2O
CO2+2NaOH(è¿é)===Na2CO3+H2O
CO2(è¿é)+NaOH===NaHCO3
CO2+Ca(OH)2(è¿é)===CaCO3+H2O
2CO2(è¿é)+Ca(OH)2===Ca(HCO3)2
CO2+2NaAlO2+3H2O===2Al(OH)3+Na2CO3
CO2+C6H5ONa+H2O===C6H5OH+NaHCO3
SiO2+CaO===CaSiO3
SiO2+2NaOH===Na2SiO3+H2O
(常温ä¸å¼ºç¢±ç¼æ
¢è
èç»ç)
SiO2+Na2CO3===Na2SiO3+CO2 â
SiO2+CaCO3===CaSiO3+CO2 â
5ãéå±æ°§åç©
1,ä½ä»·æçè¿åæ§:
6FeO+O2===2Fe3O4
FeO+4HNO3===Fe(NO3)3+NO2â+2H2O
2,æ°§åæ§:
Na2O2+2Na===2Na2O
ï¼æ¤ååºç¨äºå¶å¤Na2Oï¼
MgOï¼Al2O3å ä¹æ²¡ææ°§åæ§ï¼å¾é¾è¢«è¿å为Mgï¼Al.
ä¸è¬éè¿çµè§£å¶MgåAl.
Fe2O3+3H2===2Fe+3H2O (å¶è¿åéç²)
Fe3O4+4H2===3Fe+4H2O
3,ä¸æ°´çä½ç¨:
Na2O+H2O===2NaOH
2Na2O2+2H2O===4NaOH+O2 â
(æ¤ååºå两æ¥:Na2O2+2H2O===2NaOH+H2O2 ;
2H2O2===2H2O+O2â. H2O2çå¶å¤å¯å©ç¨ç±»ä¼¼çååº:
BaO2+H2SO4(ç¨)===BaSO4+H2O2)
MgO+H2O===Mg(OH)2 (ç¼æ
¢ååº)
4,ä¸é
¸æ§ç©è´¨çä½ç¨:
Na2O+SO3===Na2SO4
Na2O+CO2===Na2CO3
Na2O+2HCl===2NaCl+H2O
2Na2O2+2CO2===2Na2CO3+O2
Na2O2+H2SO4(å·,ç¨)===Na2SO4+H2O2
MgO+SO3===MgSO4
MgO+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2O
Al2O3+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2O
(Al2O3æ¯ä¸¤æ§æ°§åç©:
Al2O3+2NaOH===2NaAlO2+H2O)
FeO+2HCl===FeCl2+3H2O
Fe2O3+6HCl===2FeCl3+3H2O
Fe2O3+3H2S(g)===Fe2S3+3H2O
Fe3O4+8HCl===FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2O
6ãå«æ°§é
¸
3 é«ä¸åå¦æ¹ç¨å¼å°ç»ï¼ä»
ä¾åèï¼
1,æ°§åæ§:
4HClO3+3H2S===3H2SO4+4HCl â
HClO3+HI===HIO3+HCl â
3HClO+HI===HIO3+3HCl â
HClO+H2SO3===H2SO4+HCl â
HClO+H2O2===HCl+H2O+O2 â
(æ°§åæ§:HClO>HClO2>HClO3>HClO4,
ä½æµ,ççHClO4æ°§åæ§å¾å¼º)
2H2SO4(æµ)+C===CO2â+2SO2â+2H2O
2H2SO4(æµ)+S===3SO2â+2H2O
H2SO4+Fe(Al) 室温ä¸éå
6H2SO4(æµ)+2Fe===Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2â+6H2O
2H2SO4(æµ)+Cu===CuSO4+SO2â+2H2O
H2SO4(æµ)+2HBr===SO2â+Br2+2H2O
H2SO4(æµ)+2HI===SO2â+I2+2H2O
H2SO4(ç¨)+Fe===FeSO4+H2 â
2H2SO3+2H2S===3S+2H2O
4HNO3(æµ)+C===CO2+4NO2â+2H2O
6HNO3(æµ)+S===H2SO4+6NO2â+2H2O
5HNO3(æµ)+P===H3PO4+5NO2â+H2O
6HNO3+Fe===Fe(NO3)3+3NO2â+3H2O
4HNO3+Fe===Fe(NO3)3+NOâ+2H2O
30HNO3+8Fe===8Fe(NO3)3+3N2O+15H2O
36HNO3+10Fe===10Fe(NO3)3+3N2â+18H2O
30HNO3+8Fe===8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2O
2,è¿åæ§:
H2SO3+X2+H2O===H2SO4+2HX
(X表示Cl2,Br2,I2)
2H2SO3+O2===2H2SO4
H2SO3+H2O2===H2SO4+H2O
5H2SO3+2KMnO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+2H2SO4+3H2O
H2SO3+2FeCl3+H2O===H2SO4+2FeCl2+2HCl â
3,é
¸æ§:
H2SO4(æµ) +CaF2===CaSO4+2HF â
H2SO4(æµ)+NaCl===NaHSO4+HCl â
H2SO4(æµ) +2NaCl===Na2SO4+2HCl â
H2SO4(æµ)+NaNO3===NaHSO4+HNO3
3H2SO4(æµ)+Ca3ï¼PO4ï¼2===3CaSO4+2H3PO4
2H2SO4(æµ)+Ca3ï¼PO4ï¼2===2CaSO4+Caï¼H2PO4ï¼2
3HNO3+Ag3PO4===H3PO4+3AgNO3
2HNO3+CaCO3===Caï¼NO3ï¼2+H2O+CO2 â
ï¼ç¨HNO3åæµH2SO4ä¸è½å¶å¤H2Sï¼HIï¼HBrï¼ï¼SO2ï¼
çè¿åæ§æ°ä½ï¼
4H3PO4+Ca3ï¼PO4ï¼2===3Caï¼H2PO4ï¼2ï¼ééï¼
H3PO4ï¼æµï¼+NaBr===NaH2PO4+HBr
H3PO4ï¼æµï¼+NaI===NaH2PO4+HI
4ï¼ä¸ç¨³å®æ§ï¼
2HClO===2HCl+O2 â
4HNO3===4NO2â+O2â+2H2O
H2SO3===H2O+SO2 â
H2CO3===H2O+CO2 â
H4SiO4===H2SiO3+H2O
7ã碱
1ï¼ä½ä»·æçè¿åæ§ï¼
4Feï¼OHï¼2+O2+2H2O===4Feï¼OHï¼3
2NaOH+SO2ï¼å°éï¼===Na2SO3+H2O
NaOH+SO2ï¼è¶³éï¼===NaHSO3
1ï¼ä¸é
¸æ§ç©è´¨çä½ç¨ï¼
2NaOH+SiO2===NaSiO3+H2O
2NaOH+Al2O3===2NaAlO2+H2O
2NaOH+Cl2===NaCl+NaClO+H2O
NaOH+HCl===NaCl+H2O
NaOH+H2Sï¼è¶³éï¼===NaHS+H2O
2NaOH+H2Sï¼å°éï¼===Na2S+2H2O
3NaOH+AlCl3===Alï¼OHï¼3+3NaCl
NaOH+Alï¼OHï¼3===NaAlO2+2H2O
ï¼AlCl3åAlï¼OHï¼3åªä¸ªé
¸æ§å¼ºï¼ï¼
NaOH+NH4Cl===NaCl+NH3+H2O
Mgï¼OHï¼2+2NH4Cl===MgCl2+2NH3.H2O
Al(OH)3+NH4Cl ä¸æº¶è§£
3,ä¸ç¨³å®æ§:
Mg(OH)2===MgO+H2O
2Al(OH)3===Al2O3+3H2O
2Fe(OH)3===Fe2O3+3H2O
Cu(OH)2===CuO+H2O
8ãç
1,æ°§åæ§:
2FeCl3+Fe===3FeCl2
2FeCl3+Cu===2FeCl2+CuCl2
(ç¨äºéå»é线路ç)
2FeCl3+Zn===2FeCl2+ZnCl2
FeCl3+Ag===FeCl2+AgCl
Fe2(SO4)3+2Ag===FeSO4+Ag2SO4(è¾é¾ååº)
Fe(NO3)3+Ag ä¸ååº
2FeCl3+H2S===2FeCl2+2HClâ+S â
2FeCl3+2KI===2FeCl2+2KCl+I2
FeCl2+Mg===Fe+MgCl2
2,è¿åæ§:
2FeCl2+Cl2===2FeCl3
3Na2S+8HNO3(ç¨)===6NaNO3+2NOâ+3Sâ +4H2O
3Na2SO3+2HNO3(ç¨)===3Na2SO4+2NOâ+H2O
2Na2SO3+O2===2Na2SO4
3,ä¸ç¢±æ§ç©è´¨çä½ç¨:
MgCl2+2NH3.H2O===Mg(OH)2â +NH4Cl
AlCl3+3NH3.H2O===Al(OH)3â +3NH4Cl
FeCl3+3NH3.H2O===Fe(OH)3â +3NH4Cl
4,ä¸é
¸æ§ç©è´¨çä½ç¨:
Na3PO4+HCl===Na2HPO4+NaCl
Na2HPO4+HCl===NaH2PO4+NaCl
NaH2PO4+HCl===H3PO4+NaCl
Na2CO3+HCl===NaHCO3+NaCl
NaHCO3+HCl===NaCl+H2O+CO2 â
3Na2CO3+2AlCl3+3H2O===2Al(OH)3â +3CO2â+6NaCl
3Na2CO3+2FeCl3+3H2O===2Fe(OH)3â +3CO2â+6NaCl
3NaHCO3+AlCl3===Al(OH)3â +3CO2 â
3NaHCO3+FeCl3===Fe(OH)3â +3CO2 â
3Na2S+Al2(SO4)3+6H2O===2Al(OH)3â +3H2S â
3NaAlO2+AlCl3+6H2O===4Al(OH)3 â
5,ä¸ç¨³å®æ§:
Na2S2O3+H2SO4===Na2SO4+S+SO2â+H2O
NH4HCO3===NH3+H2O+CO2 â
2KNO3===2KNO2+O2 â
2Cu(NO3)3===2CuO+4NO2+O2 â
2KMnO4===K2MnO4+MnO2+O2â
2KClO3===2KCl+3O2 â
2NaHCO3===Na2CO3+H2O+CO2 â
Ca(HCO3)2===CaCO3+H2O+CO2 â
CaCO3===CaO+CO2 â
MgCO3===MgO+CO2â
H2SO3===H2O+SO2â
åèèµæï¼ç¾åº¦ç¾ç§