倒装句是把谓语动词提到主语之前的句子。
完全倒装,是把谓语动词全部移到主语之前,如:
一、表示地点的状语位于句首,句子要发生完全倒装,如果谓语动词为进行时或被动语态,还要把现在分词和过去分词一起放到主语前面去:
Here comes the teacher.
Then came the body shop.
Now comes your turn.
Over the wall came a shower of stones.
Round and round flew the plane.
Standing at the door was a man with a gun.
二、在叙事性书面语中,直接引语后常跟asked Mary,answered John,said the old lady,grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些词语中,动词常在主语之前,主语是代词时,不用倒装。
“What do you mean?” asked Henry.
三、表语置于句首。
当主语是代词,谓语是系动词,表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时,可以使用完全倒装句,起强调作用。
Happy is the country that has no war.
Faint grew the sound of the bell.
部分倒装是指将该句中谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中没有助动词或情态动词,就要在谓语动词前加助动词do、does、did。
一、否定意义的词放句首用部分倒装。一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。在部分倒装句中,只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前,其它部分都要置于主语之后。
Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.(小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。)
In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.(据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化)
Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.
You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I.
The besieged enemy could not advance,(nor / neither) retreat could they.
She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper.
All that is true, nor must we forget it.
二、only加状语,要采用部分倒装格式。
Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.
如果含有从句时,只要求主句倒装: 例:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.(只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。)
三、当 as引导让步状语时,和although, though一样,当用作“尽管”之义时,可以用于部分倒装句。
Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.(虽然他很用功,但他还是没及格。)
等于so时,意义是“也,也是”。
例:She worked hard, so/ as did her husband. (她工作很努力,她的丈夫工作也很努力。)
四、so的倒装句。
a) 当so表示“也,相同,那样”时,通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容,要求使用完全倒装句:
He promised to finish my homework, so did I.
b) so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分:
例:So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.
也存在such+be+主语的情况用以强调,例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.(阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的普通人)
五、在进行比较的句子里,如果主语不是代词时,可以倒装:
America consumes more energy than did our country.
在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。如May you happy.
在文学作品中常出现倒装,有些是由于语法习惯,有些是为了简单的修辞,如Not even one cloud will I bring away(不带走一片云彩),这里的倒装,是由于否定字放在句首要求的。
希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。
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