åæèç±äºåè½æ¹åå¼èµ·çå½¢æåç»æé½åçååçèãæ¤ç©å¨é¿æç³»ç»åè²çè¿ç¨ä¸ï¼ç±äºç¯å¢çåè¿ï¼å¼èµ·å¨å®å½¢ææäºç¹æ®çéåºï¼ä»¥è´å½¢æãç»æé½åçäºæ¹åçèãæ ¹æ®å½¢æä¸çå·®å¼ï¼å¯å为两大类åï¼å°ä¸åæèåå°ä¸åæèã
1ãå¶ç¶æ
èæååææç绿è²å¶ç¶ä½ãå¶å®å ¨éåæä¸åè¾¾ï¼èç±å¶ç¶æè¿è¡å åä½ç¨ã åæèå¦æè±ã令ç®ãæ竹ã天é¨å¬ãåå¶æ å竹èè¼ççèï¼å¤å½¢å¾åå¶ï¼ä½å ¶ä¸å ·èï¼èä¸è½çå¶åå¼è±ã
2ãæåº
ç±èåæä¸ºå ·æä¿æ¤åè½çåºãå¦å±±æ¥åçèèä¸çåºï¼é½ççäºå¶è ï¼ç¸å½äºä¾§æåççé¨ä½ã
3ãèå·é¡»
ç±èåææçå ·æææ´åè½çå·é¡»ãå¦é»çååççèå·é¡»åçäºå¶è ï¼ç¸å½äºè è½çä½ç½®ï¼èè¡èçèå·é¡»æ¯ç±é¡¶è½è½¬åæ¥çï¼å¨çé¿åæ常åçä½ç½®çæ转ï¼å ¶è è½ä»£æ¿é¡¶è½ç»§ç»åè²ï¼åä¸çé¿ï¼è使èå·é¡»é¿å¨å¶åè è½ä½ç½®ç对é¢ï¼ä½¿æ´ä¸ªèæ为åè½´å¼åæã
4ãèè´¨è
ç±èåææçè¥åå¤æ±ç绿è²èè´¨èãå¯è¡å åä½ç¨ï¼åè¾¾çèå£ç»ç»å·²ç¹å为贮水ç»ç»ï¼å¶å¸¸éåï¼éäºå¹²æ±å°åºççæ´»ãå¦ä»äººæç±»çèè´¨æ¤ç©ï¼åæèå¯åçç¶ãæ±ç¶ãææåæ±å½¢çå¤ç§å½¢æã
1ãæ ¹ç¶è
ç±å¤å¹´çæ¤ç©çèåææç横å§äºå°ä¸ãå½¢ç¶ä¼¼æ ¹çå°ä¸èãæ ¹ç¶èä¸å ·æææ¾çèåèé´ï¼å ·æ顶è½åè è½ï¼èä¸å¾å¾è¿æéåçé³çç¶å¶ï¼åèç¶ï¼åæ¶èä¸è¿æä¸å®æ ¹ï¼è¥å »ç¹æ®è½åå¾å¼ºãå¦ç«¹ç±»ã鸢尾ãç½è åèçã
å°ä¸åæè2ãåè
ç±èç侧æåææççç²çèè´¨å°ä¸èãåçå½¢ãæ¤åå½¢æä¸è§åçåç¶ï¼è´®èç»ç»ç¹å«åè¾¾ï¼å 贮丰å¯çè¥å »ç©è´¨ãä»åçä¸çï¼åèæ¯æ¤ç©èåºé¨çè è½ä¼¸å ¥å°ä¸ï¼å å½¢æç»é¿ç侧æï¼å°ä¸å®é¿åº¦åï¼å ¶é¡¶ç«¯éæ¸è¨å¤§ï¼è´®ç§¯å¤§éçè¥å »ç©è´¨èæãå¦é©¬éè¯åèï¼é¡¶ç«¯æä¸ä¸ªé¡¶è½ï¼èé´ç缩ï¼å¶éå为é³çç¶ï¼å¹¼æ¶åå¨ï¼ä»¥åè±è½ï¼çææ¡å½¢ææçå½¢çå¶çãå¨å¶ççå 侧为å¹é·çè½ç¼ï¼å ¶ä¸æè è½1è³å¤ä¸ªï¼å¶çåè½ç¼å¨åè表é¢ç¸å½äºèä¸èçä½ç½®ä¸åè§å¾å°æåï¼ä¸¤ç¸é»è½ç¼ä¹é´ï¼å³èé´ãé¤é©¬éè¯å¤ï¼èè(æ´å§)ãçé²å(èç³è)çä¹æåèã
3ãçè
ç±æ¤ç©ä¸»èåºé¨è¨å¤§å½¢æççç¶ãæçå½¢æé¿åå½¢çåæèãè§èµæ¤ç©åèè²åè¯ç¨æ¤ç©çªçº¢è±å ·æ¯è¾å ¸åççèãèä¸èé´ææ¾ï¼èä¸çæéåçèç¶å¶åè è½ï¼é¡¶ç«¯æè¾å¤§ç顶è½ãä»åçä¸çï¼æäºçèï¼å¦è¸è ã åæèæ èçæ¯ç±å°ä¸ååæ(侧æ)æ«ç«¯è¨å¤§å½¢æçãçèå é½è´®æ大éçè¥å »ç©è´¨ï¼ä¾è¥å »ç¹æ®ä¹ç¨ã
4ãé³è
æå¹³æåçç¶çå°ä¸åæèãå ¶æ(å æ¬èåå¶)åæ为èè´¨çå°ä¸æï¼èçèé´æ度缩ç为é³èçï¼é¡¶ç«¯æä¸ä¸ªé¡¶è½ãé³èçä¸ççå¤å±èè´¨é³çå¶ï¼å¦æ°´ä»ãç¾ååæ´è±çãè¥å »ç©è´¨ä¸»è¦è´®åå¨è¥åçåæå¶ä¸ãé³çå¶çå¶è å å¯çè è½ï¼å½¢æ侧æã大èçè¥å »ç©è´¨ä¸»è¦è´®åå¨è¥å¤§çèè´¨è è½(å³èç£)ä¸ï¼å 被äºå ¶å¤å´çé³çå¶ï¼ä¸»è¦èµ·ä¿æ¤ä½ç¨ã