高分求翻译,越快加分越多哦,要正确才行

Unusual Intraoperative Occurrences
. Perforation of the pharynx, larynx, trachea, or esophagus, recognized immediately or diagnosed after the development of infectious signs (32- 39).
. Acute graft expulsion or retropulsion with esophageal or spinal cord injury.
. Failure to completely remove a sequestered disc fragment with significant continued root or spinal cord compressiOn.
. Exploration of the wrong intervertebral level, which should be preventable by proper preoperative radiographic testing and intraoperative confirmation of radiographic abnormalities.
. Cerebral infarction caused by carotid or vertebral artery embolization or occlusion due to associated but unrecognized atheromatous vessel disease.
. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak caused by inadvertent or intended dural laceration, unrepaired or inadequately repaired. Before embarking on cervical spine procedures, the microsurgeon should be familiar with the techniques of opening and closing the dural sac and nerve root sheaths. A fibrin adhesive sealant is available for a watertight closure; it contains a freeze-dried concentrate of human clotting factors that are mixed with thrombin and calcium. This fibrin glue should be used instead of cyanoacrylate glue (because of the latter's known neurotoxicity) (see Chapter 25).
. Formation of a postoperative meningocele or pseudomeningocele as a result of inadequate dural repair.
. A significantly worsened radiculopathy caused by a partial root injury during the decompressive procedure.
. Laceration or inadvertent ligation of the thoracic duct.
. Pneumothorax caused by inadvertent perforation of the pleura.
. Formation of postoperative epidural hematoma.
. Development of epidural abscess or meningitis caused by unrecognized or poorly treated superficial or deep wound infection.
. Unilateral blindness produced by pressure of an assistant's hand resting on the globe.
我想关闭问题,无语了

第1个回答  2010-11-15
不寻常的分身术
。在咽,喉,气管,食道穿孔或承认后立即或发展确诊感染的迹象(32 - 39)。
。急性移植物驱逐或retropulsion食管或脊髓损伤。
。未彻底清除根有重大持续扣押或脊髓压迫光盘片段。
。探索错椎间盘水平,应通过适当的术前5677-1985射线照相术中异常确认可以预防的。
。脑梗塞引起的颈动脉或椎动脉栓塞或闭塞,由于动脉粥样硬化有关,但无法识别的血管疾病。
。脑脊液(CSF)的泄漏所造成的无意或有意硬脊膜撕裂,未修理或未经修复。颈椎前程序着手,在microsurgeon应与开幕式和闭幕式硬膜囊及神经根鞘的技术熟悉。纤维蛋白胶密封胶可用于多种水密关闭,它包含冻干浓缩人凝血酶是凝血因子和钙的混合。这种纤维蛋白胶代替应该使用氰基丙烯酸酯胶(因为后者的已知毒性)(见第25章)。
。形成一个脊膜膨出或术后由于不适当的结果假性硬脑膜修复。
。一个显着恶化造成的神经根局部根损伤,在减压过程。
。裂伤或无意结扎胸导管。
。气胸胸膜引起的意外穿孔。
。术后硬膜外血肿形成。
。硬膜外脓肿或发展成无法识别或治疗不当浅或深的伤口感染引起的脑膜炎。
。单侧失明公司生产的一个助手的手在地球上休息的压力。