怎么用python写一个聊天室

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

1.服务器类

首先需要一个聊天服务器，这里继承asyncore的dispatcher类来实现，代码如下

class ChatServer(dispatcher):
"""
聊天服务器
"""

def __init__(self, port):
dispatcher.__init__(self)
self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.set_reuse_addr()
self.bind(('', port))
self.listen(5)
self.users = {}
self.main_room = ChatRoom(self)

def handle_accept(self):
conn, addr = self.accept()
ChatSession(self, conn)

2.会话类

有了服务器类还需要能维护每个用户的连接会话，这里继承asynchat的async_chat类来实现，代码如下：

class ChatSession(async_chat):
"""
负责和单用户通信
"""

def __init__(self, server, sock):
async_chat.__init__(self, sock)
self.server = server
self.set_terminator('\n')
self.data = []
self.name = None
self.enter(LoginRoom(server))

def enter(self, room):
'从当前房间移除自身，然后添加到指定房间'
try:
cur = self.room
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
cur.remove(self)
self.room = room
room.add(self)

def collect_incoming_data(self, data):
'接受客户端的数据'
self.data.append(data)

def found_terminator(self):
'当客户端的一条数据结束时的处理'
line = ''.join(self.data)
self.data = []
try:
self.room.handle(self, line)
except EndSession:
self.handle_close()

def handle_close(self):
async_chat.handle_close(self)
self.enter(LogoutRoom(self.server))

3.命令解释器

现在就需要一个命令解释器能够解释用户的命令，例如登录、查询在线用户和发消息等，代码如下：

class CommandHandler:
"""
命令处理类
"""

def unknown(self, session, cmd):
'响应未知命令'
session.push('Unknown command: %s\n' % cmd)

def handle(self, session, line):
'命令处理'
if not line.strip():
return
parts = line.split(' ', 1)
cmd = parts[0]
try:
line = parts[1].strip()
except IndexError:
line = ''
meth = getattr(self, 'do_' + cmd, None)
try:
meth(session, line)
except TypeError:
self.unknown(session, cmd)

4.房间

接下来就需要实现聊天室的房间了，这里我们定义了三种房间，分别是用户刚登录时的房间、聊天的房间和退出登录的房间，这三种房间都有一个公共的父类，代码如下：

class Room(CommandHandler):
"""
包含多个用户的环境，负责基本的命令处理和广播
"""

def __init__(self, server):
self.server = server
self.sessions = []

def add(self, session):
'一个用户进入房间'
self.sessions.append(session)

def remove(self, session):
'一个用户离开房间'
self.sessions.remove(session)

def broadcast(self, line):
'向所有的用户发送指定消息'
for session in self.sessions:
session.push(line)

def do_logout(self, session, line):
'退出房间'
raise EndSession

class LoginRoom(Room):
"""
刚登录的用户的房间
"""

def add(self, session):
'用户连接成功的回应'
Room.add(self, session)
session.push('Connect Success')

def do_login(self, session, line):
'登录命令处理'
name = line.strip()
if not name:
session.push('UserName Empty')
elif name in self.server.users:
session.push('UserName Exist')
else:
session.name = name
session.enter(self.server.main_room)

class ChatRoom(Room):
"""
聊天用的房间
"""

def add(self, session):
'广播新用户进入'
session.push('Login Success')
self.broadcast(session.name + ' has entered the room.\n')
self.server.users[session.name] = session
Room.add(self, session)

def remove(self, session):
'广播用户离开'
Room.remove(self, session)
self.broadcast(session.name + ' has left the room.\n')

def do_say(self, session, line):
'客户端发送消息'
self.broadcast(session.name + ': ' + line + '\n')

def do_look(self, session, line):
'查看在线用户'
session.push('Online Users:\n')
for other in self.sessions:
session.push(other.name + '\n')

class LogoutRoom(Room):
"""
用户退出时的房间
"""

def add(self, session):
'从服务器中移除'
try:
del self.server.users[session.name]
except KeyError:
pass

5.服务器端完整代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# encoding: utf-8

from asyncore import dispatcher
from asynchat import async_chat
import socket, asyncore

PORT = 6666 #端口

class EndSession(Exception):
"""
自定义会话结束时的异常
"""
pass

class CommandHandler:
"""
命令处理类
"""

def unknown(self, session, cmd):
'响应未知命令'
session.push('Unknown command: %s\n' % cmd)

def handle(self, session, line):
'命令处理'
if not line.strip():
return
parts = line.split(' ', 1)
cmd = parts[0]
try:
line = parts[1].strip()
except IndexError:
line = ''
meth = getattr(self, 'do_' + cmd, None)
try:
meth(session, line)
except TypeError:
self.unknown(session, cmd)

class Room(CommandHandler):
"""
包含多个用户的环境，负责基本的命令处理和广播
"""

def __init__(self, server):
self.server = server
self.sessions = []

def add(self, session):
'一个用户进入房间'
self.sessions.append(session)

def remove(self, session):
'一个用户离开房间'
self.sessions.remove(session)

def broadcast(self, line):
'向所有的用户发送指定消息'
for session in self.sessions:
session.push(line)

def do_logout(self, session, line):
'退出房间'
raise EndSession

class LoginRoom(Room):
"""
刚登录的用户的房间
"""

def add(self, session):
'用户连接成功的回应'
Room.add(self, session)
session.push('Connect Success')

def do_login(self, session, line):
'登录命令处理'
name = line.strip()
if not name:
session.push('UserName Empty')
elif name in self.server.users:
session.push('UserName Exist')
else:
session.name = name
session.enter(self.server.main_room)

class ChatRoom(Room):
"""
聊天用的房间
"""

def add(self, session):
'广播新用户进入'
session.push('Login Success')
self.broadcast(session.name + ' has entered the room.\n')
self.server.users[session.name] = session
Room.add(self, session)

def remove(self, session):
'广播用户离开'
Room.remove(self, session)
self.broadcast(session.name + ' has left the room.\n')

def do_say(self, session, line):
'客户端发送消息'
self.broadcast(session.name + ': ' + line + '\n')

def do_look(self, session, line):
'查看在线用户'
session.push('Online Users:\n')
for other in self.sessions:
session.push(other.name + '\n')

class LogoutRoom(Room):
"""
用户退出时的房间
"""

def add(self, session):
'从服务器中移除'
try:
del self.server.users[session.name]
except KeyError:
pass

class ChatSession(async_chat):
"""
负责和单用户通信
"""

def __init__(self, server, sock):
async_chat.__init__(self, sock)
self.server = server
self.set_terminator('\n')
self.data = []
self.name = None
self.enter(LoginRoom(server))

def enter(self, room):
'从当前房间移除自身，然后添加到指定房间'
try:
cur = self.room
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
cur.remove(self)
self.room = room
room.add(self)

def collect_incoming_data(self, data):
'接受客户端的数据'
self.data.append(data)

def found_terminator(self):
'当客户端的一条数据结束时的处理'
line = ''.join(self.data)
self.data = []
try:
self.room.handle(self, line)
except EndSession:
self.handle_close()

def handle_close(self):
async_chat.handle_close(self)
self.enter(LogoutRoom(self.server))

class ChatServer(dispatcher):
"""
聊天服务器
"""

def __init__(self, port):
dispatcher.__init__(self)
self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.set_reuse_addr()
self.bind(('', port))
self.listen(5)
self.users = {}
self.main_room = ChatRoom(self)

def handle_accept(self):
conn, addr = self.accept()
ChatSession(self, conn)

if __name__ == '__main__':
s = ChatServer(PORT)
try:
asyncore.loop()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print