亲戚称谓英语，first cousin once removed

Question

求高人指点。这个问题很困扰我。就是英语里面这个家族谱系的说法与算法。cousin有first cousin,second cousin... ，还有后面连接once removed, three times removed,等等。请问是啥意思。比如下面这段话。
Franklin Roosevelt: fourth cousin three times removed of John Quincy Adams, third cousin four times removed of Martin Van Buren,
half fourth cousin three times removed of Zachary Taylor, seventh cousin once removed of Millard Fillmore,
sixth cousin twice removed of Franklin Pierce, fourth cousin once removed of Ulysses Grant, sixth cousin once removed of Rutherford Hayes,
half eighth cousin of Grover Cleveland, fifth cousin of Theodore Roosevelt (although his wife, Eleanor Roosevelt, was a niece of Theodore),
sixth cousin twice removed of William Taft, seventh cousin once removed of Calvin Coolidge.

请高手不吝赐教。请高手不要仅仅翻译原文，最好能给小弟说说在这个系谱学上，是啥意思。比如Once removed隔一代
还有这句话，But in fact, Mr. Obama and Mr. Limbaugh are also tenth cousins – albeit, once removed.
好的话，有加分！

Answer 1

我们总以为，英语中的亲属称谓很简单，不管叔叔舅舅姑父姨夫，都是uncle，不管祖父祖母外公外婆，都是grandparents。但是如果一个人跳出来说，我是你的 third cousin, twice removed，你知道你们是什么关系吗?

通常情况下，老外不会用这么复杂的词来介绍一位家庭成员，不管是 first cousin还是Second
Cousin，介绍的时候，说，这是我cousin 就可以了。不过如果你向别人很详细的介绍你的家族史或者家谱的时候，最好知道要用什么合适的词来介绍你的亲戚。下面要说的就是我们不太会提到的一些亲属称谓了：
"first cousin")

Your first cousins are the people in your family who have two of the same grandparents as you. In other words, they are the children of your aunts and uncles.
你的 first cousin是你家人中和你有同样的祖父母或者外祖父母的人。换句话说，他们
是你父母的亲兄弟亲姐妹的孩子。

Second Cousin
Your second cousins are the people in your family who have the same great-grandparents as you., but not the same grandparents.

你的second cousion是你家人中和你有同样的曾祖父母或者曾外祖父母的人。也就是说，你们的祖父母或者外祖父母是亲生的兄弟姐妹。

以此类推，还有Third, Fourth, and Fifth Cousins。

上面说了几种cousin，那么removed是什么概念呢? removed 说的是两个人不是一代人，或者说不是一个辈分的。你和你的表亲是一代人，所以你们之间不能说removed。而你爸爸的first cousin和你不是一代人，这个人就是你的first cousin, once removed。两个人之间差一个辈分就是once removed，如果差两个辈分就是twice removed。

Answer 2

What Is a First Cousin, Twice Removed?
If someone walked up to you and said, "Howdy, I'm your third cousin, twice removed," would you have any idea what they meant? Most people have a good understanding of basic relationship words such as "mother," "father," "aunt," "uncle," "brother," and "sister." But what about the relationship terms that we don't use in everyday speech? Terms like "second cousin" and "first cousin, once removed"? We don't tend to speak about our relationships in such exact terms ("cousin" seems good enough when you are introducing one person to another), so most of us aren't familiar with what these words mean.
Relationship Terms
Sometimes, especially when working on your family history, it's handy to know how to describe your family relationships more exactly. The definitions below should help you out.
Cousin (a.k.a "first cousin")
Your first cousins are the people in your family who have two of the same grandparents as you. In other words, they are the children of your aunts and uncles.
Second Cousin
Your second cousins are the people in your family who have the same great-grandparents as you., but not the same grandparents.
Third, Fourth, and Fifth Cousins
Your third cousins have the same great great grandparents, fourth cousins have the same great-great-great-grandparents, and so on.
Removed
When the word "removed" is used to describe a relationship, it indicates that the two people are from different generations. You and your first cousins are in the same generation (two generations younger than your grandparents), so the word "removed" is not used to describe your relationship.
The words "once removed" mean that there is a difference of one generation. For example, your mother's first cousin is your first cousin, once removed. This is because your mother's first cousin is one generation younger than your grandparents and you are two generations younger than your grandparents. This one-generation difference equals "once removed."
Twice removed means that there is a two-generation difference. You are two generations younger than a first cousin of your grandmother, so you and your grandmother's first cousin are first cousins, twice removed.本回答被网友采纳