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æå¨è¯åé¢å å¨è¯åå½¢ã
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æå¨è¯æcan (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought toçã æ
æå¨è¯æ 人称åæ°çååï¼ä¸è½åç¬ä½¿ç¨ï¼å¿
é¡»ä¸å
¶åçå¨è¯åå½¢ææè°è¯
ä¸ã can, could
1) 表示è½åï¼ä½åãç¥è¯ãæè½ï¼ã
Can you lift this heavy box?ï¼ä½åï¼
Mary can speak three languages.ï¼ç¥è¯ï¼
Can you skate?ï¼æè½ï¼
æ¤æ¶å¯ç¨be able to代æ¿ãCanåªæä¸è¬ç°å¨æ¶åä¸è¬è¿å»å¼ï¼èbe able toåææ´å¤çæ¶æã
Iâll not be able to come this afternoon.
å½è¡¨ç¤ºâç»è¿åªåæå¾ä»¥åæåæäºâæ¶åºç¨be able toï¼ä¸è½ç¨Canãå¦ï¼
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
2) 表示请æ±åå
许ã
-----Can I go now?
----- Yes, you can. / No, you canât.
æ¤æ¶å¯ä¸mayäºæ¢ãå¨çé®å¥ä¸è¿å¯ç¨could,
might代æ¿ï¼ä¸æ¯è¿å»å¼ï¼åªæ¯è¯æ°æ´å§å©ï¼ä¸è½ç¨äºè¯å®å¥åçè¯ä¸ã
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you can. ( No, Iâm afraid not. )
3) 表示客è§å¯è½æ§ï¼å®¢è§åå å½¢æçè½åï¼ã
Theyâve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示æ¨æµï¼æ讶ãæçãä¸ç¸ä¿¡çæ度ï¼ï¼ç¨äºçé®å¥ãå¦å®å¥åæå¹å¥ä¸ã
Can this be true?
This canât be done by him.
How can this be true?
äºã may, might
1) 表示请æ±åå
许ãmightæ¯ mayè¯æ°æ´å§å©ï¼èä¸æ¯è¿å»å¼ãå¦å®åçæ¶å¯ç¨canât
æmustnâtï¼è¡¨ç¤ºâä¸å¯ä»¥ï¼ç¦æ¢âã
----Might/ May I smoke in this room?
---- No, you mustnât.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?
---- Yes, you can. (No, you canât / mustnât. )
ç¨May I...ï¼å¾å¾å¯¹æ¹è®¸å¯æ¶æ¯è¾æ£å¼å客æ°ï¼èç¨Can I...ï¼å¨å£è¯ä¸æ´å¸¸è§ã
2ï¼ç¨äºç¥ä½¿å¥ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºç¥æ¿ã
May you succeed!
3) 表示æ¨æµãå¯è½æ§ï¼ä¸ç¨äºçé®å¥ï¼ã
mightä¸æ¯è¿å»å¼ï¼å®æ表示çå¯è½æ§æ¯mayå°ã
1ï¼He may /might be very busy now.
2ï¼Your mother may /might not know the truth.
ä¸ã must, have to
1) 表示å¿
é¡»ãå¿
è¦ã
You must come in time.
å¨åçå¼åºçé®å¥æ¶ï¼å¦ææ¯å¦å®çï¼ä¸è½ç¨mustnâtï¼ç¦æ¢ï¼ä¸åï¼ï¼èç¨neednât, donât have toï¼ä¸å¿
ï¼.
---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
---- Yes, you must.
---- No, you donât have to / you neednât.
2) mustæ¯è¯´è¯äººç主è§çæ³ï¼ èhave toå强è°å®¢è§éè¦ãMuståªæä¸è¬ç°å¨æ¶ï¼ have to ææ´å¤çæ¶æå½¢å¼ã
1ï¼ he play isnât interesting, I really must go now.
2ï¼ I had to work when I was your age.
3) 表示æ¨æµãå¯è½æ§ï¼åªç¨äºè¯å®çéè¿°å¥ï¼
1ï¼ Youâre Tomâs good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
2ï¼ Your mother must be waiting for you now.
åã dare, need
1) dareä½æ
æå¨è¯ç¨æ¶, 常ç¨äºçé®å¥ãå¦å®å¥åæ¡ä»¶ä»å¥ä¸, è¿å»å¼å½¢å¼ä¸ºdaredã
1ï¼ How dare you say Iâm unfair?
2ï¼ He darenât speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3ï¼ If we dared not go there that dayï¼ we couldnât get the beautiful flowers.
2) need ä½æ
æå¨è¯ç¨æ¶, 常ç¨äºçé®å¥ãå¦å®å¥ãå¨è¯å®å¥ä¸ä¸è¬ç¨must, have to, ought to, should代æ¿ã
1ï¼You neednât come so early.
2. ---- Need I finish the work today?
---- Yes, you must. / No, you neednât.
3) dareå needä½å®ä¹å¨è¯ç¨æ¶ï¼ æ人称ãæ¶æåæ°çååãå¨è¯å®å¥ä¸ï¼dareåé¢å¸¸æ¥å¸¦toçä¸å®å¼ãå¨çé®å¥åå¦å®å¥ä¸ï¼dareåé¢å¯æ¥å¸¦toæä¸å¸¦toçä¸å®å¼ãèneedåé¢åªè½æ¥å¸¦toçä¸å®å¼ã
1. I dare to swim across this river.
2. He doesnât dare (to) answer.
3. He needs to finish his homework today.
äºã shall, should
1) shall ç¨äºç¬¬ä¸äººç§°ï¼å¾æ±å¯¹æ¹çæè§ã
What shall we do this evening?
2) shall ç¨äºç¬¬äºãä¸äººç§°ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºè¯´è¯äººç»å¯¹æ¹çå½ä»¤ãè¦åãå
诺æå¨èã
1. You shall fail if you donât work hard.(è¦å)
2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(å
诺)
3. He shall be punished.(å¨è)
å
ã will, would
1) 表示请æ±ã建议çï¼wouldæ´å§å©ã
Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?
2) 表示æå¿ãæ¿æåå³å¿ã
1. I will never do that again.
2. They asked him if he would go abroad.
3) would表示è¿å»åå¤åççå¨ä½ææç§å¾åãwould表示è¿å»ä¹ æ¯æ¶æ¯used toæ£å¼ï¼ä¸æ²¡æâç°å·²æ æ¤ä¹ æ¯âçå«ä¹ã
1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.
2. The wound would not heal.
4) 表示估计åçæ³ã
It would be about ten oâclock when she left home.
ä¸ã should, ought to
1) should, ought to表示âåºè¯¥âï¼ought to表示ä¹å¡æ责任ï¼æ¯shouldè¯æ°éã
1. I should help her because she is in trouble.
2. You ought to take care of the baby.
2) 表示ååã建议åå½ä»¤ãshould, ought toå¯éç¨ï¼ä½å¨çé®å¥ä¸å¸¸ç¨shouldã
1. You should / ought to go to class right away.
2. Should I open the window?
3) 表示æ¨æµ
should , ought to (客è§æ¨æµ), must(主è§æ¨æµ)ã
1.He must be home by now. (æå®ä»å·²å°å®¶)
2.He ought to/should be home by now.(ä¸å¤ªè¯å®)
3. This is where the oil must be.(ç´ç½)
4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(å«è)
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