英语中的主谓宾补状定语的概念

Question

名词性从句是什么意思。 谢谢！！~~

Answer 1

1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。
例子：He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。一般可分为两类：
1)，简单谓语：由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
例子：We study for the people.我们为人民学习。
2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式
例子：I can speak a little English. 我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。
例子：My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。
例子：We like English. 我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
例子：He gave me some ink. 他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
如：We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。
例子：He is a new student.他是个新生。
但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。
例子：The bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语
修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
例子：He lives in Lon'don.他住在伦敦。The beautiful girl always water the flower three times a day.
以上的beautiful就是定语了，一般由形容词担当
girl就是主语了，一般由名词，代词，动名词，带ＴＯ的动词短语担当
water就是谓语了，一般由动词担当
the flower 就是宾语了，一般由名词，代词，动名词担当，反正可以当主语的单词一般都可以当宾语．特别指出的是，宾语一般是动作的承受者，而主语是动作的施与者．
three times a day就是状语了，分地点状语，方式状语，原因状语，时间状语等等，表明动作的完成方式，时间以及原因等等 The beautiful girl always water the flower three times a day.
以上的beautiful就是定语了，一般由形容词担当
girl就是主语了，一般由名词，代词，动名词，带ＴＯ的动词短语担当
water就是谓语了，一般由动词担当
the flower 就是宾语了，一般由名词，代词，动名词担当，反正可以当主语的单词一般都可以当宾语．特别指出的是，宾语一般是动作的承受者，而主语是动作的施与者．
three times a day就是状语了，分地点状语，方式状语，原因状语，时间状语等等，表明动作的完成方式，时间以及原因等等 名词性从句
一.概念
名词性从句共有四种:主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句

二.相关知识点精讲
1． 主语从句：主语从句在整个句子中作主语。
(1)不同于其它的连词，它不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。
That the driver could not control his war was obvious.
It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
(2)if 不能用在主语从句中，而是用whether
Whether he left (or not) is unknown
(3)当主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数，下面这个句型例外。
What we need is more time and money.
What we need are many more books.

2.表语从句：表语从句出现在系动词后，充当表语。
The trouble is that we are short of money.
Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.
(1) 引导表语从句除了上述三类词外还有because, as if/ as though等等
The reason (why/for which…..) is that ……
It/This/That is because……
(2) 连系动词“appear, look, seem”的两个常用句型
It seems/appears that….
It looks/seems as if/as though……(与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气)
(3) as 也可以引导表语从句
Things are not always as they seem to be

3. 宾语从句：及物动词，形容词和介词后加宾语从句作其宾语。
(1) 宾语从句时态与主句相呼应，但宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象除外
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun
(2) 连词whether和 if可以互换，但注意下列情况
连词后紧跟or not时用whether
I want to know whether or not they will come.
作介词宾语是用whether引导宾语从句
He was interested in whether he saw her there.
连接词后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whether
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.
如果宾语从句是否定时，一般用if引导
I care if he will not attend the meeting.
(3) 当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it +宾补+that-clause,that不可省略
I think it certain that she will do well in her exam.
(4) 当主语是I, we ，主句用think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine五个动词时，用否定转移
I don’t think he will win the game, will he?
(5) that在宾语从句常可以省略，但由and或 but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，仅可以省略第一个连词that
He said (that) he had eaten nothing but that he wasn’t hungry.
(6) 注意区别if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句
I don’t know if he will come.
If he comes, I’ll let you know.

4.同位语从句，在句中作某些名词的同位语，对前面的名词进一步说明。用在下列名词 fact,news,idea,hope,believe,hope,thought,doubt.truth,order,suggestion, word etc.
(1) There is no doubt that he will come.
There is doubt whether he will come.
Word came that Napoleon would come to inspect them.
There is no possibility that….
(2) that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
在同位语从句中：that不可以省略，不作成分;定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句作成分，作宾语时可以省略
We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.
We are interested in the news that he told us.
when, where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
在定语从句中，when, where前有分别表示时间、地点的先行词；而在同位语从句中无此对应关系
They have no idea at all where he has gone.(同位语从句)
Go and get your coat. It’s in the place where you left it.(定语从句)

5. 疑问词-ever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句
No matter where I go, my heart is towards China.
I believer whatever he says. Whatever he says, I will never believe him.
who与 whoever的区别
who是“谁”的意思，表示具有疑问，who相当于anyone who“无论谁”
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
Can you tell me who that gentleman is?

6．当名词性从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，引导词通常用what，它相当于。另外，有时具有感叹意义all that, anything that或 the thing(s) that
What we can’t get seems better than what we have.
Tom thought what a beautiful girl Mary was.

7.注意区分it 作形式主语的主语从句与强调句
强调句句型It is/was+被强调部分+that, 去掉It is/was, that，句子仍然成立。
It is natural that they should have different views. 主语从句
It is only lately that he had had a family himself. 强调句
What was it that he wanted? I don’t know what it was that he wanted.
It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem

8.注意it 作形式主语的主语从句和as引导非限制性定语从句引导的不同
It is known to all that the earth is round.
As is known to all. the earth is round.