1. 作主语 不定式和动名词都 可用作主语,有时意义相同,有时含义不同。例如: To see is believe.Seeing is believing.(高一册,第258)(1)
Learning a foreign language is useful. (=It is useful learning a foreign language.0
To learn a foreign language is useful. (=It is useful to learn a foreign lauguage.) (2)
从上面两组句子来看,作主语的不定式和动名词都起的是名词的作用,表示的意思相同,只是表达的方式多样化罢了。这时,不定式和动名词可以互换。 (3)Reading aloud is very important in learning in learning a foreign language,(高一册,第258页) (4)Laying eggs is her full time job.(高一册,第229页) 例(3)、(4)中不定式和动名词所表示的含义有差别,和用作宾语时一样,不定式作主语大都表示一种具体的行为,或表示将来的行为,而动词则多表示一种抽象的概念,或一般的行为。另外,在不同的结构搭配中,用不同的非谓语动词。如: (5)It’s no use talking about it.(高一册,第258页) (6)There is no stopping the development of history.(=It is impossible to stop the development of history.)历史的发展无法阻止。 在上述结构中, 一般均用动名词作主语,而不用不定式。常见的这种结构还有: It is no good doing….: It is no use doing…: It is no help doing….: There is no doing….: 但在下面结构中只能用不定式作主语,而不能用动名词。如: (7)It is time to have lunch.(不能说:It’s time having lunch.) 在作主语时,不定式的复合结构通常是for 或of 后的名词或宾格代词;而动名词的逻辑主语却只能是名词或代词的所有格。如: (8)It’s nice of you to say so.(不能说:It’s nice of you saying so.) (9)It’s difficult for you to answer the question.(不能说:It is difficult for you answering the question.) (10)The president’s vesiting China was Successful.总统的访华是成功的。 2、作宾语 不定式和动名词都具有名词的性质,都可用作动词的宾语,在使用上应注意以下几点: 1) 有些及物动词后既可跟不定式,也要可跟动名词作其宾语,有时含义一样,有时含义不同。 2) a)有些及物动词后跟不定式或动名词作宾语,意义上区别不大,一般可以互换使用。如: We continued doing (to do) the experiment. She likes to think (thinking)alone. 这样的动词最常见的还有:begin , start , hate , love , dislike , neglect(忽视)等。 提示:上面所说的仅仅是区别不大,并非完全一样。动名词做宾语多数情况下反映的是一般的、抽象的概念,而不定式反映的是具体的、未来的概念。如: He likes swimming. He likes to swim in the river this afternoon. 2)有些及物动词后跟不定式或动名词作宾语,意义上差别很大。请看下面几组句子: when the boy saw the soldiers, he stopped working on the branch, stood up ,and took off his cap.(高一册,第295页)那男孩一看到士兵们就不再削树枝了,他站起身来,脱帽致意。 When the boy saw the soldiers, he stopped to work on the branch, 那男孩看到士兵们就开始削起树枝来了。 Stop doing sth.是停下来做某事,而stop to do sth. 是停下来一件事去做另一事,意思正好相反。Stop to do sth. 结构中的to do sth. 实际上起的是一种目的的状语的作用。 Do you remember giving him the key? 你记得给过他这钥匙吗? So there is all the more reason to remember to give your eyes a rest once in a while. 因此更应该记住:要让你的眼睛隔会儿就休息一下。
I forgot to give him the book. 我忘记去给他这本书了。 I forgot giving him the book. 我忘记曾经给过他这本书。
提示:remember(forget)to do sth.是“记得(忘记)去做某事”,即动作尚未发生;remember (forget) doing sth.是“记得(忘记)做过某事”,即动作已经完成。
They tried to master English in the shortest time. 他们努力在最短的时间内掌握英语。 If the tears don’t remove the speak, try washing the eyes with boiled, cooled water . 假如眼泪不没有洗掉这颗微粒,就试用凉开水冲洗。
提示:try to do sth. 的意思是“努力、尽力去做某事”,主观性很强;try doing sth .是‘试着干某事’,重在客观情况是否允许。 I want to buy a new dictionary. (=The old woman wants to be looked after.) 这位老人需要照顾。
His clothes needed mending and his shoes needed repairing. (=His clothes needed to be mended and his shoes needed to be repaired.)他的衣服需要缝补,鞋子也需要修一下。
提示:英语中有几个动词如want ,need , require , deserve等,其后接动词不定式,表示主动意义,如接动词,表达的意义和其后接不定式的被动语态的表达的意义相同。 3) 有些及物动词后,习惯上只接不定式作宾语而不能用动名词。如: The Emperor of Austria finally decided to teach the Swiss a lesson. 常见的这类动词有:wish , hope , desire , expect, demand, refuse , decide 等。 4) 胡些及物动词后,习惯上只接动名词作宾语。如: I have finished writing my composition. (不能说。。。finished to write….) 常见的这类动词有:mind , enjoy , practise , suggest , keep , advise , avoid , risk , finish, escape 等。
我在一个网站找到的,抱歉,大学时就全忘了,现在毕业更是如此
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