延续性动词: live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke 瞬间性动词: open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish 1、终止性动词:表示不能延续的动作,即动作发生后立即结束。如:begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell,start,stop等。 终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用,因为否定本身就是可以延续的。 如:have a cold是持续性动词,表示“状态”,可与表延续性的时间状语连用,不定冠词不能省略。 I′ve had a cold since my arrival(到达 n.). I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days. catch a cold是短暂性动作,表“动态”:它不能和延续性时间状语连用,不定冠词“a”可有可无,catch可用take,get代替。 Put on your coat,or you′ll catch/take/get a cold. Take care not to get cold. 但是,若cold前有形容词修饰时,则不定冠词不能省。 如:Brown has taken a slight cold. 注意下列句子: I have caught a cold for over a week.(×) I have had a cold for over a week.( ) 2、延续性动词:表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。如:be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。 延续远 食2荒芎捅硎疽桓龆淘菥咛宓氖奔渥从锪 茫徽饫喽 嗜缬糜诮 惺碧 蚩梢院捅硎疽桓龆淘菥咛宓氖笨塘 谩? He worked at eight yesterday afternoon.(×) He was working at eight yesterday afternoon.( ) 3、代替终止性动词的方法 a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词 1、用have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词 1、be+married代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get) ill 3、be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be+awake代wake/wake up 6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词 1“be+on”代start,begin 2“be+up”代get up 3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to 系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 说明: 有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如: He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。) He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。 1)状态系动词 用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如: He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。) 2)持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3)表像系动词 用来表示看起来像这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4)感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5)变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如: He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6)终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实,变成之意,例如: The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了
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