关于英语中定语从句的知识点

如题所述

什么叫从句呢?就是英语句中的某一成份不是一个单词或词组,而是一个句子,那么这个担任成份的句子就叫从句。如果定语是一个句子,它就叫定语从句;如果宾语是一个句子,它就是宾语从句。依此类推。例如:
The boy and the dog [that are in the picture ] are very lovely. (括号中that开始的句子就是定语从句)
We revisited the village [where we had worked before.] (括号中where引导的句子也是定语从句)
He learned [that this was a hard work (which must be finished in a week.)] (这句里有两个从句,方括号由that引导的是宾语从句;在这个宾语从句中又包含了一个由which引导的定语从句。)

因此,对于一个比较复杂的较长的英语句子来说,它就可能存在几个句子,即主句和担任各种成份的从句。从这个角度看,也可以说从句是句子中的句子。

二、定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the bo ok whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。追答

7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导

二、非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。

We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。

3. 有时as也可用作关系代词

4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物

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第1个回答  2015-11-04
  关系代词引导的定语从句
  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
  1)who, whom, that
  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
  Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
  他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
  他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
  2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
  3)which, that
  它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
  The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
  关系副词引导的定语从句
  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
  1)when, where, why
  关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
  2)that代替关系副词
  that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
  His father died the year (that / when / on which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
  判断关系代词与关系副词
  方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
  This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
  I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
  判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示 出。)
  (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
  (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
  (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
  (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
  习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
  方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
第2个回答  2015-04-05
用一个句子修饰一个名词追问

有没有更多的

追答

修饰关于人的名词,用who做连接词,地点用where,时间用when