莎士比亚（W. William Shakespeare；1564～1616）英国
文艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家、诗人，
欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。
莎士比亚的代表作有四大悲剧：
《哈姆雷特》(英：Hamlet)、《奥赛罗》（英：Othello)、《李尔王》（英：King Lear）、《麦克白》（英：Mac Beth）。著名喜剧：
《仲夏夜之梦》《威尼斯商人》
《第十二夜》《皆大欢喜》（《As you like it》）。历史剧：《亨利四世》《亨利五世》《查理二世》。正剧、悲喜剧：
《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。还写过154首十四行诗，二首长诗。本·琼森称他为“时代的灵魂”，马克思称他和古希腊的埃斯库罗斯为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。虽然莎士比亚只用英文写作，但他却是世界著名作家。他的大部分作品都已被译成多种文字，其剧作也在许多国家上演。儒略历1616年4月23日（公历1616年5月3日）病逝，出生日期与逝世日期恰好相同。莎士比亚和意大利著名数学家、物理学家、天文学家和哲学家、近代实验科学的先驱者伽利略同一年出生。被人们尊称为“莎翁”。初中选文《威尼斯商人》.高中选文《哈姆莱特》《罗密欧与朱丽叶（节选）》。
The English poets, playwright Sha Shibiya was born in 1564 in England's Stella luck city. He has the strong cultural base, but has not read the university. When 18 years old marries with 26 year old females, when not reach 21 years old had three children; After 3 years went to London to become the actor, the playwright; When 30 years old starts to be lucky; When 34 years old the family is well-to-do, art obtains the success, is recognized as the playwright which rises newly. Sha Shibiya alone lives in London's 20 years, his wife lives continuously in the Stella luck. When nearly 40 years old, Sha Shibiya only then returns to the Stella luck until to die.
27 year old of that year, he wrote the historical drama "Henry Six Th" the trilogy, after the script performance has been welcome greatly the audience, and has won the very high prestige for him, let him come to a stop gradually in the London theatrical circle the heel.
In 1595, Sha Shibiya has written a tragedy "Romeo And Juliet", after the script performance, Sha Shibiya famous tyrant London, the audience wells up generally like the tide to the theater looked this play, and moves has flowed off the tears.
In 1599, Sha Shibiya poured into wrote the script with all one's strength "Hamlet", also has obtained the huge success.
In later several years, Sha Shibiya has written "Austria Xylenum", "Li You King" and "Mike Is white", they and "Hamlet" is called together Sha Shibiya's four big tragedies.
In 1616, Sha Shibiya because fell ill left the world, has lived 52 years old. In these 52 years profession, he has left behind 37 scripts for the common people,
as soon as curls 14 lines of poems and two narrative 长诗. His script also performs until now in world each place. In his birthday that day, has many countries to perform his script every year to commemorate him.
Sha Shibiya is on Europe Renaissance time England dramatic world's "the giant". He inherits and develops the ancient Greece Rome play and the English folk play outstanding tradition, does not give a thought to "the unity of action" and so on the rules and regulations, the breakthrough comedy and the tragedy boundary, carries on the creative from the content to the form innovation. In view of the middle ages feudalism and asceticism fetter, he respects the woman, eulogy love, molds a series of idealizations the bourgeoisie new feminine lovable image. In the historical drama and the tragedy, he engraved has delimited a series of feudal tyrant's image, heartlessly exposition and critique feudalism tyranny. He also in the play advocated the humanity by opposed the
Middle Ages lively, compare with the human the deity, emphasized human great and strength, said the human is "the universe essence, the myriad things spirit is long". He also frequently exposes religious in the play the hypocrisy. The Sha Shibiya dramatic art characteristic, is the fantasy and the real ingenious union. Marx after 1848 in order to "wants to enable own English knowledge to achieve the consummation the region", once "all searched for the Sha Shibiya special style words and phrases performs to classify", carried on the study.
His grave now nearby a his hometown chapel, every year has the photograph which ten million counts to go on a pilgrimage looks at reverently generally. Is engraving such inscribed text on his tombstone:
"Looks on God's surface,
Please do not have to move my grave,
The rash action will encounter the curse,
The protector will receive the blessing."
参考资料：http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/335656285.html