第1个回答 2012-04-01
There she was,standing exactly where I had left her, crying bitterly 。
翻译:当时她就在哪儿,就站在我离开她的地方,痛苦地哭了起来。
(1)主句是“There she was”因为副词there在句首,这就是倒装句,又如:here she is (她来了,即她在这儿--->本来该说“she is here ”),
(2)后面的是两个平行或并列结构的现在分词短语表示伴随状况;
(3)用where还是用in which 要看where这个词指代的真实地点是一个单独地方名还是指代的是一个“介词短语”代表的地方状况,也就是说,把where这个真实的(当然前面有交代,或后面有限定)套进对应句子中,看看哪种情况合适,如果只有一种情况合适就只有唯一选择,如果有两种情况都可以说的过去就当然两种都可以选择,,我们看原句子来分析:There she was,standing exactly where/ in which . 我们开始不知道就这样写,然后分别看一下进行翻译看看哪种可以说得通,standing exactly where/ in which = she was standing exactly where/ in which (因为现在分词的逻辑主语和句中的主语一致),看:where这代什么?很明显指代前面的“there”,但是用“in which”是否能够指代前面的“there”呢?那么假如就是这样允许成立,我们分别比较哪种更合乎英语句式的要求:即还原:(a)she was standing exactly there ,(b)she was standing exactly in there (a) 的意思是“她正站在那儿,(b)意思是:她正站在那儿的之中(或里),看:(a) 是我们通常能够接受的句式,而(b)显然不是正常英语接受的句式,因为英语表示在哪个地方时,there作为表示地点的副词前面不加介词in ,看开始:There she was = she was there ,但是最好不要写成“ she was in there ”。(虽然老外也能够看懂。就好像老外也能够看懂“you is a student ”,who is you ,一样,不过这样的表达您懂英语时就会感到太不顺眼吧,尽管我们中国人容易理解,外国人也会理解)什么时候用where,什么时候用“in which”取决于与此句子本身结构指代的东西是否前面在“形式上”形成正确的英语句子,看例子:In 1986, Libya was found responsible for a bombing at a Berlin discotheque frequented by U.S. troops in which three people died
(1986年,(人们发现)利比亚对一家柏林的迪斯科舞厅的轰炸(事件)宣布负责,这是美国军队经常出入的舞厅,在这个舞厅中,当时有3人丧生。) in which three people died = three people died in a Berlin discotheque ,前面有具体的地点名词,所以必须用in which( discotheque )句式才能够形成正确的句子,如果写成“where three people died ”则 = three people died where 。注意(1)根据where代表地点状语的全称,则应该是:where = (前面的)at a Berlin discotheque,然而此时不能够正确形成的英语句子,即:“three people died where = three people died at a Berlin discotheque ”这显然不符合逻辑也说不通,,实际上应该是: three people died in a Berlin discotheque ,所以就是:three people died in which ( = in a Berlin discotheque),注意(2) where 就是一个替代性状语:以一个名词的形式表示上述刚刚提到的那个地方做地点状语,意思是“在这个地方”看例句:The bill is unlikely to pass the House of Representatives, where Republican leaders oppose it.(该法案不可能通过(美)众议院,在 “(美)众议院)”这个地方,共和党的领导人反对这项法案)Kavala is also the port from where ferries leave for the popular, pine-scented island of Thasos 【(卡瓦拉也是一个港口,从这个港口 (从这个地方),许多摆渡船都离开(然后)到 萨索斯岛(希腊一岛屿)( 一个很流行的有松树香味的岛屿)】,当然如果都能说通两种都可以使用,例如:(楼上13级所举的例子)The factory where ( in which) I worked ten years ago...., 我十年前工作过的工厂。。。
实际上交际甚至与老外打交道幸亏原文一般就是一种,我们没有象选择填空那样有被干扰和忽悠的余地,这从某种程度上讲更会增加我们理解正确英语的正确性。有时选择填空“同义词”的干扰性正好是阻碍初学者的兴趣的途径。
第2个回答 2012-04-01
句子本身是一个倒装句,所考查的是定语从句的引导词,所以先将句子还原成正常语序:She was standing exactly there _______ I had left her, crying bitterly. (她就站在我丢她的地方,哭得很伤心。)从句中完整的形式应该是I had left her there;那么先行词是there,是副词,表示地点,在从句中作状语,所以用where。而当从句中有介词(比如in)和被修饰中心词构成介宾关系时才用in which。