å¸æ°ç¡¬åº¦å
æ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦ ç¾åº¦ç¾ç§éé¢æï¼ï¼ï¼ 两ç§é½æ¯æµè¯ç¡¬åº¦çæ åï¼åºå«å¨äºæµéæ¹æ³ä¸åã å¸æ°ç¡¬åº¦ ããç¨ä¸å®ç´å¾çé¢çæ硬质åéçï¼ä»¥è§å®çè¯éªåï¼Fï¼åå
¥å¼æ ·è¡¨é¢ï¼ç»è§å®ä¿ææ¶é´åå¸é¤è¯éªåï¼æµéè¯æ ·è¡¨é¢çåçç´å¾ï¼Lï¼ãå¸æ°ç¡¬åº¦å¼æ¯ä»¥è¯éªåé¤ä»¥åççå½¢
表é¢ç§¯æå¾çåã以HBSï¼é¢çï¼è¡¨ç¤ºï¼åä½ä¸ºN/mm2(MPa)ã å
¶è®¡ç®å
¬å¼ä¸ºï¼F/π(d/2)2 å¼ä¸ï¼F--åå
¥éå±è¯æ ·è¡¨é¢çè¯éªåï¼Nï¼ D--è¯éªç¨é¢çç´å¾ï¼mmï¼ d--åçå¹³åç´å¾ï¼mmã ããæµå®å¸æ°ç¡¬åº¦è¾åç¡®å¯é ï¼ä½ä¸è¬HBSåªéç¨äº450N/mm2ï¼MPaï¼ä»¥ä¸çéå±ææï¼å¯¹äºè¾ç¡¬çé¢æè¾èçæ¿æä¸éç¨ãå¨é¢ç®¡æ åä¸ï¼å¸æ°ç¡¬åº¦ç¨éæ广ï¼å¾å¾ä»¥åçç´å¾dæ¥è¡¨ç¤ºè¯¥ææç硬度ï¼æ¢ç´è§ï¼åæ¹ä¾¿ã å¸æ°ç¡¬åº¦è¯éªè¿å¯ç¨äºæè²éå±å软é¢ï¼éç¨å°ç´å¾çå头å¯ä»¥æµéå°å°ºå¯¸åè¾èææãå¸æ°ç¡¬åº¦è®¡å¤ç¨äºåææååæåçæ£æµï¼ç±äºåçè¾å¤§ï¼ä¸è¬ä¸ç¨äºæåæ£æµã ãã举ä¾ï¼120HBS10/1000/30ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºç¨ç´å¾10mmé¢çå¨1000Kgfï¼9.807KNï¼è¯éªåä½ç¨ä¸ï¼ä¿æ30sï¼ç§ï¼æµå¾çå¸æ°ç¡¬åº¦å¼ä¸º120N/ mm2ï¼MPaï¼ã ãã以ä¸å®çè½½è·ï¼ä¸è¬3000kgï¼æä¸å®å¤§å°ï¼ç´å¾ä¸è¬ä¸º10mmï¼ç淬硬é¢çåå
¥ææ表é¢ï¼ä¿æä¸æ®µæ¶é´ï¼å»è½½åï¼è´è·ä¸å
¶åçé¢ç§¯ä¹æ¯å¼ï¼å³ä¸ºå¸æ°ç¡¬åº¦å¼ï¼HBï¼ï¼åä½ä¸ºå
¬æ¤å/mm2 (N/mm2)ã æ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦ ããæ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦è¯éªéç¨ä¸ç§è¯éªåï¼ä¸ç§å头ï¼å®ä»¬å
±æ9ç§ç»åï¼å¯¹åºäºæ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦ç9个æ å°ºãè¿9个æ å°ºçåºç¨æ¶µçäºå ä¹ææ常ç¨çéå±ææãæ常ç¨æ å°ºæ¯HRCãHRBåHRFï¼å
¶ä¸HRCæ å°ºç¨äºæµè¯æ·¬ç«é¢ãåç«é¢ãè°è´¨é¢åé¨åä¸éé¢ãè¿æ¯éå±å å·¥è¡ä¸åºç¨æå¤ç硬度è¯éªæ¹æ³ãHRBæ å°ºç¨äºæµè¯åç§éç«é¢ãæ£ç«é¢ã软é¢ãé¨åä¸éé¢åè¾ç¡¬çéåéãHRFæ å°ºç¨äºæµè¯çº¯éãè¾è½¯çéåéå硬éåéãHRAæ 尺尽管ä¹å¯ç¨äºå¤§å¤æ°
é»è²éå±ï¼ä½æ¯å®é
åºç¨ä¸ä¸è¬åªéäºæµè¯ç¡¬è´¨åéåè硬é¢å¸¦ææã ãã表é¢æ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦è¯éªéç¨ä¸ç§è¯éªåï¼ä¸¤ç§å头ï¼å®ä»¬æ6ç§ç»åï¼å¯¹åºäºè¡¨é¢æ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦ç6个æ å°ºã表é¢æ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦è¯éªæ¯å¯¹æ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦è¯éªçä¸ç§è¡¥å
ï¼å¨éç¨æ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦è¯éªæ¶ï¼å½éå°ææè¾èï¼è¯æ ·è¾å°ï¼è¡¨é¢ç¡¬åå±è¾æµ
ææµè¯è¡¨é¢éè¦å±æ¶ï¼å°±åºæ¹ç¨è¡¨é¢æ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦è¯éªãè¿æ¶éç¨ä¸æ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦è¯éªç¸åçå头ï¼éç¨åªææ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦è¯éªå åä¹ä¸å¤§å°çè¯éªåï¼å°±å¯ä»¥å¨ä¸è¿°è¯æ ·ä¸å¾å°ææç硬度è¯éªç»æã表é¢æ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦çNæ å°ºéç¨äºç±»ä¼¼æ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦çHRCãHRAåHRDæµè¯çææï¼Tæ å°ºéç¨äºç±»ä¼¼æ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦çHRBãHRFåHRGæµè¯çææã ããHRCæ å°ºç使ç¨èå´æ¯20~70HRCï¼å½ç¡¬åº¦å¼å°äº20HRCæ¶ï¼å 为å头çåé¥é¨ååå
¥å¤ªå¤ï¼çµæ度ä¸éï¼è¿æ¶åºæ¹ç¨HRBæ å°ºã尽管HRCæ 尺被è§å®çä¸éå¼ä¸º70HRCï¼ä½æ¯å½è¯æ ·ç¡¬åº¦å¤§äº67HRCæ¶ï¼å头å°ç«¯æ¿åçååè¿å¤§ï¼
éåç³å®¹ææåï¼å头寿å½ä¼å¤§å¤§ç¼©çï¼å æ¤ä¸è¬åºæ¹ç¨HRAæ å°ºã ããHRAæ å°ºç使ç¨èå´æ¯20-88HRAï¼ç±
ç¾å½æ åASTM E140å¯ä»¥è·å¾ä»¥ä¸æ¢ç®å
³ç³»ï¼ 27HRA≈30HRB 60HRA≈100HRB≈20HRC 85.6HRA≈68HRC ããå¯è§ï¼HRAæ å°ºçæµè¯èå´æ¶µçäºä»è½¯é¢ï¼HRBï¼ã硬é¢ï¼HRCï¼å°ç¡¬è´¨åéç硬度èå´ãç¶èï¼äºå®ä¸HRAæ å°ºå¾å°ç¨äºæµè¯è½¯é¢ï¼ä¸»è¦ç¨äºæµè¯è硬é¢æ¿ãæ·±å±æ¸ç¢³é¢å硬质åéãå¨ç¡¬è´¨åéæ¹é¢ï¼ç±äºææ¯è¿æ¥ï¼æäºææ硬度已达å°93-94HRAï¼è¿å·²è¶
åºæ åè§å®ãå·¥ç¨ä¸è¶
åºHRAé«ç«¯çæµéèå´å·²æ为æ¯ä¾ã HRAæ å°ºæä¸ä¸ªç¹æ®ç¨éãå¨ä½¿ç¨æ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦è®¡æµè¯é¢è¯æ ·æ¶ï¼å¦æä¸ç¥è¯æ ·æ¯è½¯é¢è¿æ¯ç¡¬é¢ï¼å¯å
ç¨HRAæ å°ºè¯æµä¸ä¸ï¼å½ç¡¬åº¦å¼å°äº60HRAæ¶å¯æ¹ç¨HRBæ å°ºï¼å½ç¡¬åº¦å¼å¤§äº60HRAæ¶å¯æ¹ç¨HRCæ å°ºã ããHRBæ å°ºç使ç¨èå´æ¯20~100HRBï¼å½ç¡¬åº¦å¼ä½äº20HRBæ¶ï¼ç±äºé¢ççåå
¥æ·±åº¦è¿å¤§ï¼éå±è åå å§ï¼è¯æ ·å¨è¯éªåä½ç¨ä¸çåå½¢æ¶é´å»¶é¿ï¼æµè¯å¼å确度éä½ï¼æ¤æ¶åºæ¹ç¨HRFæ å°ºãå½ç¡¬åº¦å¼å¤§äº100HRBæ¶ï¼å 为é¢çåå
¥æ·±åº¦è¿æµ
ï¼çµæ度éä½ï¼ç²¾åº¦ä¸éï¼æ¤æ¶åºæ¹ç¨HRCæ å°ºãå¨ä½¿ç¨HRBæ å°ºæµè¯é¢è¯æ ·æ¶ï¼ä¸ä¸ªç¹å«å¼å¾æ³¨æçå°æ¹æ¯ï¼å½é¢å
ä¸ç¥éè¯æ ·æ¯è½¯é¢è¿æ¯ç¡¬é¢æ¶ï¼å³ä¸å¯ä½¿ç¨HRBæ å°ºåæµè¯ï¼å 为ç¨é¢çå头误æµäºæ·¬ç«é¢ï¼é¢çå°±å¯è½ä¼åå½¢ï¼é¢çå头就ä¼æåï¼è¿æ¯é¢çå头æåç主è¦åå ãéå°è¿ç§æ
åµæ¶åºå
ç¨éåç³å头ï¼ç¨HRAæ å°ºæµè¯ä¸ä¸ï¼åå³å®æ¯ç¨HRBè¿æ¯ç¨HRCã ããHRFæ å°ºç使ç¨èå´æ¯60~100HRFãHRFæ å°ºæ¯å½å¤ä½¿ç¨è¾å¤çä¸ä¸ªæ å°ºï¼å®æ¯æµè¯çº¯éåè¾è½¯çéåéææå¾å¥½çæ£æµæ段ãä½æ¯å¨æå½ï¼ä¹åå¨æ å硬度åç缺çé®é¢ï¼å®çåºç¨ä¹åå°äºéå¶ã ããHRGæ å°ºéç¨äºHRBå¼æ¥è¿100çææï¼å¯¹äº
éééã磷ééãå¯é»é¸éè¿äºç¡¬åº¦èå´ä»äºHRBæ å°ºçé«ç«¯åHRCæ å°ºä½ç«¯çææï¼å¦ææ¹ç¨HRGæ å°ºï¼å°±å¯ä»¥å¤§å¤§æ¹åæµè¯ççµæ度ï¼æé«æµè¯ç²¾åº¦ã å为éå±ç±»æ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦,å¡æç±»æ´æ°ç¡¬åº¦(HRR)
å¯ç¨é¦æ°ç¡¬åº¦è®¡ãé¦æ°ç¡¬åº¦è®¡ãæµé硬度计æµé硬度