如何把一篇中文的论文翻译成英文

Question

3.含蓄条件句在商务英语中的作用
含蓄条件句是指不含IF引导的条件句。最常见的有动词或其它词类变化而来的名词化结构的句子。名词化结构句子往往含有条件、原因、目的等语义。这是英语中的一种意合句式。英语名词化结构的句子常用于英语信函、文件正式文体中。商务英语所用语言正式、精炼,用词严谨、规范,常有一定的格式和套话。这是商务英语外贸应用文中询价函电中常用的句型之一：“ Your early reply to our specific inquiry will be highly appreciated.如蒙早日答复我方的具体询价,将不胜感激。”句中主语reply是由动词变化而来的名词，整个主语部分含有条件语义。
4.条件问句在商务谈判中的作用
条件问句（conditional question）就是“一个条件句+一个问句”组成，这个问句可以是特殊问句或者普通问句。典型句型有两个：“What +… if…?” 和”If …+ then?”。
在国际商务活动中，使用条件问句具有很多的特殊优点：
(1)获取对方信息。在谈判的发盘和还盘阶段，可以用条件问句试探性的进一步了解对方的具体情况，以便修改自己的发盘或还盘。例如：
我方问:What would you do if we agree to a two-year contract?
对方答:What if we modify our specifications, would you consider a large order?
从对方回答中，我们可以判断对方关心的是长期合作。那么这一新信息对以后的谈判会有帮助。
(2)互相让步。用条件问句构成的发盘和提案是以对方接受我方条件为前提的，换句话说，只有当对方接受我方的发盘时，我方的发盘才成立。因此，我们不会单方面受发盘的约束，也不会使任何一方作单方面的让步，只有互相让步，才能是交易成功。
(3)(寻求共同点。如果对方拒绝我们的条件，我们可以其他条件构成新的条件问句，进行新一轮发盘，对方也可能用条件问句向我方还盘。双方都在做互相让步，直至达成重要的共同点。
(4)代替否定No。在国际商务谈判中，尽量避免直接使用“No”这种生硬的拒绝语气，这会显得不礼貌，容易使谈判陷入僵局，导致谈判的失败。如当对方提出我们不能同意的要求时，可以用条件问句的形式。例如：
Large quantities of home-made washing machines have been popular on the local market. The quality is good, and the price per set is just 190 yuan.How can the wshing machining be salable if we import yours at 380 yuan per set?近来，在当地市场有大量的国产洗衣机十分畅销。它们的质量不错，价格仅为每台190元。如果我们以每台380元的价格进口你方的产品，怎么能够卖得出去呢？(梭伦，2001)
这样问不会因为自己拒绝对方而失去对方的合作,反而是让对方自己拒绝了自己的要求。这样可以保留今后的继续合作的可能。
(5)避免因异国文化不同交流而产生歧义的误会。世界各国的文化是各不尽相同的。因此，在国际商务活动中，常常会因不同国家的文化交流产生歧义的误会。所以，为了避免发生误会，常常采用释义法。而使用条件问句就是一种很委婉的方法。
三、 结语
英语条件句在商务谈判活动中，其语言特征和出现的使用频率都值得我们认真研究。商务英语作为专业英语的一个分支，越来越显得其在国际商务活动中的重要性。
参考文献：
[1]梭 伦:《实用英语谈生意》[M].北京:中国纺织出版社，2001年,54,57,58,555
[2]刘春环:商务英语的语言特点及翻译[J].上海:外语研究，2006年6月号下旬刊
[3]曹 菱 赵雪梅 张 平 赵 蕾:商务英语谈判[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社，2001，41
[4]刘 园 李 魁 郑 毅:《国际商务谈判》（第二版）[M].北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社，2006年,174～176

Answer 1

3. Implicitly conditional on the role of Business English
Implicitly refers to non-conditional conditions IF sentence guide. The most common verbs or other parts of speech have come from changes in terms of sentence structure. Terms of the structure of the sentence often contains conditions, reasons, such as semantic purpose. This is the English meaning of a sentence together. Of the structure of English noun phrases commonly used in English letters, documents in a formal style. Business English the official language, refining, strict terms, standardization, and often a certain format and cliches. This is the practical business of English foreign trade in the inquiry message, one of commonly used sentence: "Your early reply to our specific inquiry will be highly appreciated. As soon as possible if you reply to our specific inquiry, would be grateful." Sentence subject reply comes from the verb changes in the term part of the whole subject with the semantic conditions.
4. The conditions in question the role of business negotiations
Question conditions (conditional question) is "a condition of a question sentence +" component, this question can be a special question or general questions. There are two typical sentence: "What + ... if ...?" And "If ... + then?".
In international business activities, the use of the conditions of the particular question with a lot of advantages:
(1) to obtain other information. Offer in the negotiations and offer stage, the question can be used to test conditions for a better understanding of the specific circumstances of each other in order to modify their offers or offer. For example:
Our side asked: What would you do if we agree to a two-year contract?
Answer each other: What if we modify our specifications, would you consider a large order?
Answer from the other side, we can determine the other concern is the long-term cooperation. Well, after this new information will help the negotiations.
(2) mutual concessions. Questions posed by the conditions of offer and acceptance of our proposal is based on the premise of the conditions, in other words, only when the other side to accept our offer when we set up the offer. Therefore, we will not be made unilaterally by the binding site, nor will any party to make unilateral concessions, and only each other concessions in order to be successful transaction.
(3) (the search for common ground. If the other party refused the conditions we have, we can pose other conditions of the conditions of the new questions, a new round of offers, the other conditions may also be used to question our offer. Both sides are doing mutual concession after concession, until they reached important common ground.
(4) instead of the negative No. In international business negotiations, as far as possible to avoid direct use of "No" to refuse such a blunt tone, it would seem impolite to make negotiations easier, resulting in the failure of negotiations. Such as when we can not agree with the other party's request can be made in the form of question conditions. For example:
Large quantities of home-made washing machines have been popular on the local market. The quality is good, and the price per set is just 190 yuan.How can the wshing machining be salable if we import yours at 380 yuan per set? Recently, in the local market a large number of domestic washing machines are very popular. Their quality good, price is only 190 yuan each. If we take the price of 380 each import your products, how can it sell? (Solon, 2001)
Do not ask each other because they refuse to lose each other's cooperation, but refused to allow the other their own requirements. This will continue to cooperate to retain the future possibility.
(5) to avoid foreign exchange arising from different cultural misunderstanding ambiguity. The culture of countries around the world is not the same. Therefore, in the international business activities, often in different countries due to cultural misunderstanding ambiguous. Therefore, in order to avoid misunderstanding, and often the use of the Interpretation Act. Question the use of conditions is a very tactful way.
III Conclusion
English sentence in terms of business negotiations, and its language features and frequency of use appears that we are worthy of careful study. Business English English as a branch, it is increasingly in the international business activities of its importance.
References:
[1] Solon: "business English" [M]. Beijing: China Textile Press, 2001, 54,57,58,555
[2] Liu Central: Business English language translation of the characteristics and [J]. Shanghai: foreign language study in June 2006 published in the second half of its
[3] Cao Ling Zhao Lei Zhao Xuemei Zhang: Business English negotiation [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001,41
[4] Park, LI Kui Liu Zheng: "International Business Negotiation" (second edition) [M]. Beijing: Foreign Trade and Economic University Press, 2006, 174 ~ 176

Answer 2

3.含蓄条件句在商务英语中的作用 3. Implicitly conditional on the role of Business English
Implicitly refers to non-conditional conditions IF sentence guide. The most common verbs or other parts of speech have come from changes in terms of sentence structure. Terms of the structure of the sentence often contains conditions, reasons, such as semantic purpose. This is the English meaning of a sentence together. Of the structure of English noun phrases commonly used in English letters, documents in a formal style. Business English the official language, refining, strict terms, standardization, and often a certain format and cliches. This is the practical business of English foreign trade in the inquiry message, one of commonly used sentence: "Your early reply to our specific inquiry will be highly appreciated. As soon as possible if you reply to our specific inquiry, would be grateful." Sentence subject reply comes from the verb changes in the term part of the whole subject with the semantic conditions.
4. The conditions in question the role of business negotiations
Question conditions (conditional question) is "a condition of a question sentence +" component, this question can be a special question or general questions. There are two typical sentence: "What + ... if ...?" And "If ... + then?".
In international business activities, the use of the conditions of the particular question with a lot of advantages:
(1) to obtain other information. Offer in the negotiations and offer stage, the question can be used to test conditions for a better understanding of the specific circumstances of each other in order to modify their offers or offer. For example:
Our side asked: What would you do if we agree to a two-year contract?
Answer each other: What if we modify our specifications, would you consider a large order?
Answer from the other side, we can determine the other concern is the long-term cooperation. Well, after this new information will help the negotiations.
(2) mutual concessions. Questions posed by the conditions of offer and acceptance of our proposal is based on the premise of the conditions, in other words, only when the other side to accept our offer when we set up the offer. Therefore, we will not be made unilaterally by the binding site, nor will any party to make unilateral concessions, and only each other concessions in order to be successful transaction.
(3) (the search for common ground. If the other party refused the conditions we have, we can pose other conditions of the conditions of the new questions, a new round of offers, the other conditions may also be used to question our offer. Both sides are doing mutual concession after concession, until they reached important common ground.
(4) instead of the negative No. In international business negotiations, as far as possible to avoid direct use of "No" to refuse such a blunt tone, it would seem impolite to make negotiations easier, resulting in the failure of negotiations. Such as when we can not agree with the other party's request can be made in the form of question conditions. For example:
Large quantities of home-made washing machines have been popular on the local market. The quality is good, and the price per set is just 190 yuan.How can the wshing machining be salable if we import yours at 380 yuan per set? Recently, in the local market a large number of domestic washing machines are very popular. Their quality good, price is only 190 yuan each. If we take the price of 380 each import your products, how can it sell? (Solon, 2001)
Do not ask each other because they refuse to lose each other's cooperation, but refused to allow the other their own requirements. This will continue to cooperate to retain the future possibility.
(5) to avoid foreign exchange arising from different cultural misunderstanding ambiguity. The culture of countries around the world is not the same. Therefore, in the international business activities, often in different countries due to cultural misunderstanding ambiguous. Therefore, in order to avoid misunderstanding, and often the use of the Interpretation Act. Question the use of conditions is a very tactful way.
III Conclusion
English sentence in terms of business negotiations, and its language features and frequency of use appears that we are worthy of careful study. Business English English as a branch, it is increasingly in the international business activities of its importance.
References:
[1] Solon: "business English" [M]. Beijing: China Textile Press, 2001, 54,57,58,555
[2] Liu Central: Business English language translation of the characteristics and [J]. Shanghai: foreign language study in June 2006 published in the second half of its
[3] Cao Ling Zhao Lei Zhao Xuemei Zhang: Business English negotiation [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001,41
[4] Park, LI Kui Liu Zheng: "International Business Negotiation" (second edition) [M]. Beijing: Foreign Trade and Economic University Press, 2006, 174 ~ 176

Answer 3

Implicitly conditional on the role of Business English
Implicitly refers to non-conditional conditions IF sentence guide. The most common verbs or other parts of speech have come from changes in terms of sentence structure. Terms of the structure of the sentence often contains conditions, reasons, such as semantic purpose. This is the English meaning of a sentence together. Of the structure of English noun phrases commonly used in English letters, documents in a formal style. Business English the official language, refining, strict terms, standardization, and often a certain format and cliches. This is the practical business of English foreign trade in the inquiry message, one of commonly used sentence: "Your early reply to our specific inquiry will be highly appreciated. As soon as possible if you reply to our specific inquiry, would be grateful." Sentence subject reply comes from the verb changes in the term part of the whole subject with the semantic conditions.
The conditions in question the role of business negotiations
Question conditions (conditional question) is "a condition of a question sentence +" component, this question can be a special question or general questions. There are two typical sentence: "What + ... if ...?" And "If ... + then?".
In international business activities, the use of the conditions of the particular question with a lot of advantages:

to obtain other information. Offer in the negotiations and offer stage, the question can be used to test conditions for a better understanding of the specific circumstances of each other in order to modify their offers or offer. For example:
Our side asked: What would you do if we agree to a two-year contract?
Answer each other: What if we modify our specifications, would you consider a large order?
Answer from the other side, we can determine the other concern is the long-term cooperation. Well, after this new information will help the negotiations.
mutual concessions. Questions posed by the conditions of offer and acceptance of our proposal is based on the premise of the conditions, in other words, only when the other side to accept our offer when we set up the offer. Therefore, we will not be made unilaterally by the binding site, nor will any party to make unilateral concessions, and only each other concessions in order to be successful transaction.
(the search for common ground. If the other party refused the conditions we have, we can pose other conditions of the conditions of the new questions, a new round of offers, the other conditions may also be used to question our offer. Both sides are doing mutual concession after concession, until they reached important common ground.
instead of the negative No. In international business negotiations, as far as possible to avoid direct use of "No" to refuse such a blunt tone, it would seem impolite to make negotiations easier, resulting in the failure of negotiations. Such as when we can not agree with the other party's request can be made in the form of question conditions. For example:
Large quantities of home-made washing machines have been popular on the local market. The quality is good, and the price per set is just 190 yuan.How can the wshing machining be salable if we import yours at 380 yuan per set? Recently, in the local market a large number of domestic washing machines are very popular. Their quality good, price is only 190 yuan each. If we take the price of 380 each import your products, how can it sell? (Solon, 2001)
Do not ask each other because they refuse to lose each other's cooperation, but refused to allow the other their own requirements. This will continue to cooperate to retain the future possibility.
to avoid foreign exchange arising from different cultural misunderstanding ambiguity. The culture of countries around the world is not the same. Therefore, in the international business activities, often in different countries due to cultural misunderstanding ambiguous. Therefore, in order to avoid misunderstanding, and often the use of the Interpretation Act. Question the use of conditions is a very tactful way.
III Conclusion
English sentence in terms of business negotiations, and its language features and frequency of use appears that we are worthy of careful study. Business English English as a branch, it is increasingly in the international business activities of its importance.
References:
、 Solon: "business English" [M]. Beijing: China Textile Press, 2001, 54,57,58,555
Liu Central: Business English language translation of the characteristics and [J]. Shanghai: foreign language study in June 2006 published in the second half of its
Cao Ling Zhao Lei Zhao Xuemei Zhang: Business English negotiation [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001,41
Park, LI Kui Liu Zheng: "International Business Negotiation" (second edition) [M]. Beijing: Foreign Trade and Economic University Press, 2006, 174 ~ 176

Answer 4

论文很长的话就有三种方法
1悬赏很高很高的金额在百度提问，找翻译
2现实生活中花钱找人
3用google英文翻译一整页（在几种语言中，google英文翻译的最好）然后再修改顺序，单词，和语法。这样非常省事，既不用花钱，也不用等。自己动手来，自己也信任自己。google都把所有句子单词准备好了，相当于90%都准备好了，剩下的10%不会很难的。^0^

Answer 5

在线翻译