1.直接宾语，间接宾语: 看下面几个例子： 1.I bought you a book yesterday. 2.They showed me a picture. 3.He gave me a ring. 在例一中，YOU是间接宾语，A BOOK是直接宾语。在例二中，ME是间接宾语，A PICTURE 是直接宾语。在例三中，ME是间接宾语，A RING 是直接宾语。 由此可以看出，直接宾语由物充当，而间接宾语由人充当。 2.宾语补足语：补充说明主语或宾语的成份,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语，补充宾语叫宾语补足语。如：他把我逗笑了。He made me laugh.主语：he;谓语：made;宾语：me;宾补：laugh.补语和它补充说明的成份之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，这可以把它和其它成份区分开。如：上句宾语me和宾补laugh之间，laugh的动作是me来做的。这就是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。把这两部分单拿出来可以成一句完整的话，即I laughed。 3.定语：修饰限定名字、代词的词，说明所修饰词的性质、特征等，如 a tall boy 中，tall修饰boy,tall是boy的定语。可作定语的有形容词、名词、副词、定语从句、分词等。不定代词的定语一律后置。 4.状语： 英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。 状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。 1.副词一般在句子中做状语． He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好. He is playing under the tree.中的under the tree(地点状语) 2. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。 I come specially to see you.我专门来看你. 3.介词短语 My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past. Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. The boy was praised for his bravery. 4.从句作状语 When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 5.分词作状语 Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。 Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.
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