英语五大基本句型 基本概念:与汉语相似,英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object),
表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成,按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。 句型一:主语+不及物动词 不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念, 不需要宾语及补语, 但有时可有副词, 介词短语等状语修饰语。 e.g. The rain stopped . The old man walks in the park . 句型一的扩展:1.主语+不及物动词+状语 e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。) 2.There +不及物动词+主语 e.g. There is some milk in the bottle . There comes the bus . 3. 主语+不及物动词+
动词不定式 e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息) 特别提醒 动词stop 可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时,通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。 e.g. They stopped taking a rest . 句型二 :主语+
系动词+表语 系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没,需要形容词,名词,介词短语等来补充说明主语,也叫主语补语。 e.g. My sister is a nurse . I feel quite hungry . The ball is under the desk . 句型三:主语+及物动词+宾语 及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语),才可以表达一个完整的意念。 e.g. We are learning English . Do you know him ? Your radio needs repairing . She hopes to see her uncle. 句型四:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。 e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt. Give me the book, please. 特别提醒 A. 在此句型中, 通常是间接宾语(人)在前,直接宾语(物)在后,有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。 e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her . Give the book to me , please . 直接宾语与间接宾语对调时,间接宾语前加介词to的动词有: give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给) 间接宾语前加介词for的动词有: buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏) B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前,且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。 e.g. I handed it to our teacher . 不能说:I handed our teacher it . C. 此句型变为
被动语态时,可分为两种情况。 e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt . a. She was bought a skirt by her mother . b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother. 句型五:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 及物动词本身需要一个宾语外, 还需要一个名词,形容词,副词, 动词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意念。 e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor. The news made us sad. She saw the thief steal into the shop . The teacher asked me to answer the question . I found the man stealing the money . I found my money stolen . 特别提醒 A.
现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系;
过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。 B. 在let(让),make(使得),have(请,让,使得),see(看),hear(听到),watch(观看),feel(感觉到),listen to (倾听),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式, 则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时, 则要带”to”. e.g. We hear her sing next door. She is heard to sing next door . C. 此句型变为被动语态时,只有一种情况。 e.g. They saw him steal the old man’s money.
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