关系代词whom或which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前构成介词+关系代词whom (先行词指人)/which(先行词指物)引导定语从句(这种方法更为正式)。例:
Mary is the girl whom I borrowed a book from. = Mary is the girl from whom I borrowed a book. 玛丽就是我向她借书的那个女孩。
Is this the room that/which he once lived in? = Is this the room in which he once lived? 这是他曾经住过的房子吗?
常见的有以下几种情况:
1. where=in/on which 例:
This is the room where / in which he lives.这是他住的房间。
I can see the playground where / on which they do sports.我能看见他们进行运动的操场。
2. when= on/in/at which 例:
I still remember the year when/ in which I joined the Party.我仍然记得入党的那一年。
I still remember the day when/on which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那一天。
I still remember the hour when/at which the rocket was launched.我仍然记得那个火箭发射的时刻。
3. why=for which 例:
This is the reason why / for which he was killed.这是他被杀害的原因。
但下列情况下介词不能提前:
⑴用who代替whom,用that代替which时,介词不能提前。例:
He's the boy who I learned English from.这是我向他学英语的男孩。
This should be the place that Tom sent the parcel to. 这应是汤姆送包裹的地方。
⑵当whom、which省去时介词不能提前。例:
Is he the boy you went there with?他是和你一起去那儿的男孩吗?
This is the room he lived in. 这是他住过的房间。
⑶当whom, which作为含有介词的动词短语的宾语时,介词一般来说不能拆开提前。例:
You're the very man whom I'm looking for. 你正是我在找的那个人。
This is the program which he listened to. 这就是他听过的节目。
再看下面几种结构:
(一)介词+whose引导的定语从句
whose引导定语从句时,可出现创新句型:介词+whose引导定语从句。解这种定语从句时需弄清从句的动词与先行词、whose后边的名词及定语从句主语之间的关系,并发挥合理想象,不难发现其中正确的逻辑关系。例:
She is the girl to whose father I talked yesterday. 她就是昨天我和其父亲谈话的女孩。
He is the boy for whose boss I work. 他就是我为其老板打工的男孩。
(二)复杂介词+whom/which引导定语从句
I stay at the hotel at the back of which is a small garden. 我住在后面有一座花园的旅馆。
(三)数词(不定量数词)/ 含所属关系名词+of whom/which引导定语从句。例:
She has many books, only one of which is interesting. 她有许多书,只有一本是有趣的。
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