一、引导词
1.what在名词性从句中必须充当成分,做主语,宾语,表语
2. that 在名词性从句中绝对不充当任何成分,一般情况下可以省略
that前通常不加介词,除了except/but/in
The suit fitted him well （ ）the color was alittlebcenterer.
（ab）
A except B except that C except when D besides
:I read about it in some book or other, does it matter( a ) it was?
A. where B. what C. how D which
Which在名词性从句中通常充当定语
:Eat cake you like and leave the others for ( C) comes in late.
A any who B every whoever C whichever whoever D eitherwhoever
Which, whichever在名词性从句中通常充当定语
二、语序
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序
(1):Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see --( d)
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
1.宾语从句陈述语气
2.开门,接电话时 who is it?
(2)He asked (b) with you?
A what was the matter B what the matter was C the matter waswhatD what is the matter
我们所谓的陈述语序,指的是主+谓+宾,因此
(1) 中who 在句中作表语,因为回答时是it is me.所以要把主语it放在谓语is的前面,
(2) 中what做句子的主语,句子本身就是按照主系表排列的,因此不用倒装.
三、时态
主句是现在或将来时态时，从句可用任何所需要的时态。
主句是过去时态时，从句要用表示过去的相应的时态。如从句表达的是客观规律或真理时，用一般现在时。
(3) The manager entered the office and was happy to learn four-fifth of the tickets( A)
A was booked B had been booked C were booked D have been booked
(4) We were all surprised when he made it clear he ( D) office soon.
A leaves B would leave C center D had center
(5)She said that the earth ( A) around the sun.她说地球围绕太阳转。
A moves B moved C move D moving
四、特殊形式宾语从句
(1)如宾语从句有自己的宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句后置。其句型为：
“主语+谓语+it+宾补+宾语从句” make, find ,consider, feel
We were all surprised when he made (C)clear he leaveofficesoon.
A this B that C it D which
(2)在hate, enjoy, like, love, appreciate等动词之后,可用it充当形式宾语
:I’d appreciate ( B)if you would turn the radio down.
A that B it C this D you
:I like (C)in the autumn when the weather is clear
A this B that C it D one
(3) do you think(guess, suppose, believe)的宾语从句中,特殊疑问词要提前
We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
what do you suppose ( C)to her?
A was happening B to happen C has happened D having happened
初中英语宾语从句小结
一、当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:
She said that she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk.她说她会把留言条放在校长桌子上。
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作
二、当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:
Alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother liked the bag.爱丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包。 I don't know whether he'll come the day after tomorrow.我不知道他后天是否会来
但直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:
Let me know whether / if he will come or not.(= Let me know whether or not he will come )让我知道他是否能来。
I don't know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= I don't know whether or not he does any washing. )我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我想知道我们是去还是留。
三、如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导。如:
Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon?你能告诉我我们今天下午将在哪儿开会吗?
I don't know who bought the present for me. Is it Jack?我不知道谁给我买了礼物。是杰克吗?
宾语从句使用--四注意
我们在学习和运用宾语从句时,应该注意以下四点:
一、引导词的使用
1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如:
Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring.
2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。例如:
David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.
3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how),引导宾语从句。例如:
Do you know what we can do on the island?
I don’t know why Jane was late for school this morning.
二、语序的陈述化
宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如:
When did he leave? I want to know. →I want to know when he left.
Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? →Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day?
三、时态的呼应
1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如:
I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.)
2. 如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如:
He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。
3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。例如: Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
四、否定转移
当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等动词,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如:
I don’t believe he is here on time, is he?
I don’t think Tom is the best student in his class, is he?
注意：
(1)连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except,but和in等少数几个介词后。其它一些介词的宾语从句如由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：
He is a good student except that he is careless.他是个好学生，只不过有点粗心。�
See to it that children don’t catch cold.当心孩子别感冒了。�
(2)that引导表语从句时，在句中无词义，只起连接作用，但不可省去。His idea is that we should go there at once.他主张我们立即去那儿。�
四、连词whether可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，不可省。if引导宾语从句。
(1)宾语从句是肯定句时，whether,if可互换；但whether常和or not连用，宾语从句是否定句时，一般用if引导。如：�
I don’t know if/whether I should tell you.不知我是否应告诉你。�
I wonder whether it is true or not.不知这是不是真的。�
I don’t care if it doesn’t rain.天下不下雨我不会在乎。�
(2)作介词宾语时，只能用whether,不能用if。如：�
Everything depends on whether we have enough experience.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的经验。
五、that引导宾语从句时不可省的几种情况：�
1.that宾语从句的状语部分位于从句前部时。�
I promised that if anyone could set me free,I would make him king over the earth.
我曾许诺如果有人把我放了，我就让他成为全世界的国王。�
2.当主句的状语部分位于that宾语从句前时。�
Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and a little then.
亚伯拉罕?林肯自己后来说他只不过是时断时续地接受教育。�
3.主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。�
When he got to England,he found,however,that his English was too limited.
然而当他到英国时，他发现他的英语很有限。�
4.当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时。
Then he said that French was the most beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must keep it among us and never forget it.
他说，法语是世界上最美的语言，我们必须坚持说法语，永远也不要忘记它。�
5.宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。�
I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.
我决不能告诉任何人我看不到那布。�
6.宾语从句的主语是this/that，或用this/that修饰主语时。�
He said that that was a good idea.他说那是个好主意。�
7.在直接引语中，主句和宾语从句被隔开时。�
“I’m sorry to tell you,”he said,“that you didn’t watch carefully enough what I did.”
我很遗憾的告诉大家，你们没有仔细观察我所做的一切。�
8.宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时。�
The old lady then explained that what she was looking for was a pair of gloves for a girl.
那位老太太解释说她在为一个女孩找一双手套。
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