英语句子中的虚礼语气具体形式有哪些??

虚礼语气

用法及动词形式
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况: if+主语+过去时+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他
例1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)
2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 if+主语+had done +其他+主+should/would/could/might+have done+其他
例1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
①if+主语+were to do+sth.+主+should/would/could/might+do+其他
② if+主语+did/be(were)+sth.+主语 +should/would/could/might+do+其他
③if+主语+should+do+sth.+主语 +should/would/could/might+do+其他
例: 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。 (事实:来的可能性很小)
在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,"should+动词原形"构成,should 可省略。
4、 有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了
②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反,而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如: If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话,庄稼会长得更好。
5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即将were, should, had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。如: Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。
6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…., but for….等
But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。
7、 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 ①省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。
②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。、
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法
1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式 eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你)
b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+done(动词过去分词) eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。(事实:原来不知道)
c、表示将来难以实现的愿望 谓语动词:should/would + 动词原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了) (注:if only和as if/as though也有相同用法)
2、虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中
1.在for fear that, in case, lest引导的,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为:should + 动词原形。并且 should不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入。
2、在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为:can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。 He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。
3、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。
如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice. He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice. He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice. He ordered that we (should) take the teacher’s advice. 注:insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。
③表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。 句型:It is.......that 结构后的主语从句,从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型 或只用动词原型。
④虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详百度百科之方式状语从句词条。
2、 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中,可用虚拟语气,主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如: Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。
3、 在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever, wherever,however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为:
① may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如: We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事,我们都要按时完成。
② may +完成式(指过去) ,主句结构不限。如: You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步,你也不能骄傲
4、一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构 过去 had + 过去分词; 现在 过去时(be 用were ) 将来 过去时(be 用were ) 如:I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。 I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。 We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿
5、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中,表示:“早该做某事了”时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形,即从句用虚拟过去式。
6、 简单句中的虚拟语气 (1) 说话时,为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌,言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为:would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如: Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗? You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。
(2) 表示“祝愿”时,常用“may + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他”。如: May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。 May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。
(3)表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时,常用动词原形。如: Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。
(4) 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。 (1) 提出请求或邀请。如: Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗? Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗? (2) 陈述自己的观点或看法。如: I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。 I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。 (3) 提出劝告或建议。如: You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。 You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。 (4) 提出问题。如: Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗? Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗? (5) 表示对过去情况的责备时,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。如: You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还给他了。

参考资料:http://wenku.baidu.com/view/f18fdf8fa0116c175f0e4852.html

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第1个回答  2011-06-08
是虚拟语气吧?
一般形式If I were you, I would.....
还有一些特殊的词需要用虚拟语气如suggest, advice, recommand and so on. I suggest that you should.....
第2个回答  2011-06-08
if可在虚拟语气中使用,还有should have done 也可表示虚拟